Physico-chemical and sensorial characteristics of rice (Oryza sativa L.) irradiated and the effect in Sitophilus oryzae L. development / Características físico-químicas e sensoriais do arroz (Oryza sativa L.) irradiado e o efeito no desenvolvimento de Sitophilus oryzae L.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

Rice is exposed to injuries especially due to the attack of insects, which represent great qualitative and quantitative losses. The aim of the present research was to verify the viability of the gamma irradiation as rice (Oryza sativa L.) conservation method; its efficiency in the control of an important pest for stored grains Sitophilus oryzae L. and the effects that irradiation may present in irradiated grains in relation to the sensory aspect and starch alterations. Samples were composed of polished rice and the gamma irradiation dosages used were 0.5; 1.0; 3.0; and 5.0 kGy, and kept at room temperature. Analyses of the grain breakage percentages during processing and the longevity and reproduction of the rice weevil were performed. Analyses of the centesimal composition, phytic acid, apparent amylose content and starch paste properties were also conducted, as well as analyses of the rice color (instrumental) and acceptability (hedonic test), aimed at the determination of the raw and cooked rice sensory quality. It was verified that the gamma irradiation did not change the grain breakage percentage significantly and caused a negative effect on the insect development. Irradiation did not change the centesimal composition significantly. No significant values of phytic acid were found because during rice processing, the outer part (bran) containing 85-92% of total phytates was removed. Values from 17.33 to 18.44% for the apparent amylose content were found, and irradiation did not affect the rice starch amylose content significantly. The paste properties results were significantly changed, where reduction on the paste temperature, decrease on the time for the occurrence of the peak viscosity, reduction on the final viscosity values were observed. The retrogradation tendency became less intense in starches with increasing irradiation dosages. Statistical differences (p<0.05) were detected in the sensory aspect between irradiated and non-irradiated samples, and the sample irradiated with 1.0 kGy obtained the highest means for the sensory attributes. For results obtained for instrumental color, a statistical difference was observed in b* values, indicating that the rice color changed from white to yellowish with increased irradiation dosages. One concluded that the use of the gamma irradiation especially at dosage of 1.0 kGy, even presenting significant difference (p<0.05) in the paste properties, obtained higher acceptance; this irradiation level did not affect the rice physical-chemical analyses and provided longer shelf-life against the attack of insects, being therefore, the recommended dosage for the conservation of the polished rice.

ASSUNTO(S)

gorgulhos análise sensorial starch weevil amido propriedades físico-químicas irradiação de alimentos food irradiation physico-chemical properties sensorial analyses arroz rice

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