Use substrate for the axenic and pasteurized culture of the Pleurotus spp. mushroom. / UTILIZAÇÃO DE SUBSTRATOS PARA O CULTIVO AXÊNICO E PASTEURIZADO DO COGUMELO Pleurotus spp.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2010

RESUMO

The culture of edible and medicinal mushrooms is carried through in different ligno-celulosics substrate in axenic or pasteurized system. The Pleurotus genera is known as mushroom oyster, shimeji or hiratake. In the first experiment they had been evaluated the vigor, mycelium growth, dry mass (g), productivity (%) and biological efficiency (%) of P. sajor-caju (PSC96/03) and P. ostreatoroseus (POR01/06) cultivated in substrate bagasse of sugar cane, elephant grass, residues of the culture of castor bean and straw of rice sterilized. In relation to the mycelium vigor, mycelium growth, dry mass (43,79g), productivity (17.52%) and biological efficiency (52.55%), P. sajor-caju (PSC96/03) was superior the P. ostreatoroseus (POR01/06). In the second experiment they had been evaluated the dry mass (g), productivity (%) and biological efficiency (%) of P. sajor-caju (PSC96/03), P. ostreatoroseus (POR01/03) and P. citrinopileatus (PAM01/06) in axenic substrate. P. citrinopileatus (PAM01/06) provided to the average higher of dry mass (79,42g) and productivity (15.88%). The highest biological efficiency (54.80%) was of P. ostreatoroseus (POR01/03) cultivated in rice straw. In the third experiment they had been evaluated the pasteurized time, through the counting and identification of the contaminants, the straw rice in the culture of P. sajor-caju (PSC96/03), and the production of the mushroom from the dry mass (g), productivity (%) and biological efficiency (%).The gender fungi contaminants of the substrate found had been Mucor sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp. and Paecilomyces sp. The highest values for the variables dry mass (1730,00g), productivity (28.83%) and biological efficiency (115.33%), had been gotten with the pasteurized substrate 90-100C for 30 minutes, being considered this enough thermal treatment for the culture of P. sajor-caju (PSC96/03) in substrate rice straw. In the fourth experiment they had been evaluated dry mass (g), productivity (%), biological efficiency (%) and bromatological composition of Pleurotus sajor-caju (PSC96/03) cultivated in substrate straw rice, elephant grass and sugar cane bagasse pasteurized. Dry mass (232,40g) and productivity (23.24%) highest during culture in the substrate elephant grass, and biological efficiency (106.60%) in the substrate rice straw. Higher humidity (91.41%) and ethereal extract (5.65%) in the mushrooms produced in the elephant grass+sugar cane bagasse. Crude protein (42.13%) and ashes (7.97%) in the mushrooms produced in the substrate sugar cane bagasse. And carbohydrates (58.66%) and crude fiber (31.33%) in the mushrooms from substrate elephant grass+rice straw and rice straw, respectively. In the fifth experiment was evaluated the culture of P. sajor-caju (PSC96/03) in substrate base of elephant grass, rice straw and residues of the culture of castor bean pasteurized. The dry mass (263,69g) and productivity (26.37%) in the mushrooms produced in the residues of the culture of castor bean, and biological efficiency (84.01%) in the substrate rice straw+castor bean residues. The highest relation Carbon/Nitrogen (162: 1) was of the substrate elephant grass and lowest (37: 1) in the castor bean residues. The highest humidity (92.18%) of basidiomas produced was in elephant grass+castor bean residues treatment. The crude protein (28.11%) was superior in the mushrooms produced in the castor bean residues. The ashes (7.83%) and ethereal extract (3.56%) has been superior in substrate elephant grass and rice straw+castor bean residues, respectively. And carbohydrates (51.19%) in the mushrooms produced in the substrate elephant grass+rice straw+ castor bean residues, while highest crude fiber (36.15%) was found in basidiomas cultivate in substrate elephant grass+rice straw.

ASSUNTO(S)

biological efficiency substrato pasteurização produtividade productivity shimeji eficiência biológica pasteurized substrate, shimeji pleurotus pleurotus agronomia

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