Contribuições para o estabelecimento de estratégias laboratoriais em genética para a saúde pública no Brasil utilizando a síndrome de deleção 22q11.2 como modelo / Contributions to the establishment of laboratory strategies in medical genetics for public health in Brazil, using the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome as a model

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

24/02/2012

RESUMO

The introduction of new technologies of molecular diagnosis for health care has been a challenge in the last years, especially in Brazil, where the majority of the population is served by the public health system. The 22q11.1 deletion syndrome is the most common syndrome that has palatal anomalies as a major feature, with a prevalence of 1/4000 births. Considering this prevalence, the Brazilian health system characteristics and the current situation of medical and clinical genetic services in the country, the main aim of this study was to conduct a multicenter study for 22q11.2 deletion diagnosis as a model for the optimization of diagnostic strategies in medical genetics. We investigated the access to laboratorial diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion at 11 genetic services and centralized this diagnosis for 100 patients with palatal abnormalities and suspicion of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, referred from these centers during 30 months, at the Cytogenetics and Molecular biology laboratories of the FCM/UNICAMP. To detect 22q11 deletions FISH (Fluorescence in situ Hibridization) and MLPA (Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification) techniques were used. Previous and temporary availability for the diagnosis of 22q11 deletion, associated with research projects, was informed by seven centers, with remarkable geographic disparities. We detected 22q11 deletion in 35% of the patients, and chromosome abnormalities not related to 22q11 region in three patients; thus we reached diagnostic conclusion in 38% of the cases. There was significant difference between some clinical signs found in patients with or without 22q11 deletion. There was 100% of sensibility and specificity for both MLPA and FISH techniques. Considering the required infrastructure and the modifications in the FISH (allowing to reduce probe quantity), this technique was efficient, more economical and faster than MLPA. Centralizing the laboratorial diagnosis was considered advantageous, pointing to this model as an important and feasible strategy for genetic diagnosis in Brazil. These results allowed to suggestions for the improvement of laboratorial diagnosis of this and other genetic conditions in our country.

ASSUNTO(S)

genética médica saúde pública diagnostico laboratorial sindrome de digeorge fissura palatina medical genetics public health laboratory diagnosis digeorge syndrome cleft palate

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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