Mara Quaglio Chirelli

In this study, we have investigated the education of nurses as critical and reflective subjects in the Nursing Program at FAMEMA, aiming at understanding through students how their education process is being constructed towards the constitution of a critical and reflective professionals; at identifying the differences in the education process perceived by them on basis of the logic stemming from the Political and Pedagogical Process (PPP) as well as at apprehending thedifficulties that they have encountered during a process of critical/reflective education. We based on the assumption that the education of a critical and reflective nurse implies that the student will become a subject in the education process and that this transformation of students into subjects determines and is determined by the context of implementation of PPP adopted by the Nursing Program at FAMEMA. The research was conducted with fourth-year students in the Nursing Undergraduate Program at FAMEMA in 2001. Focal group techniques and semi-structured interviews were used. In order to organize the empirical material, the Collective Subject Discourse (DSC) method was used, which was followed by the application of the thematic analysis technique proposed by Minayo. In the analysis, three thematic axes emerged from which it was revealed that the process of education of critical and reflective nurses occurs through the construction of competencies that present formal and Political quality. They begin in the undergraduate program and continue during life in a perspective of constant renovation of the profession as well as of the professional. Curricular change took place by the implementation of PPP as a dynamic, historical and contradictory process that was constructed by the subjects participating in it. It presented adherence and resistance as it developed. By using the Problematization Methodology and the integrated curriculum, it was verified that the teaching-service-community articulation through partnerships was important since it generated new learning-teaching scenarios by taking work as the educational principle, thus causing a critical and reflective action concerning the reality experienced in daily routine, although various conflicts were generated in this new relationship. The students pointed out an expansion of the nurse s performance as well as of the conception of healthdisease through the utilization of light technology to care for users in addition to the recognition of the fact that team work required a new attitude from professionals in which a tie must be created, and arguments must have a basis for one s positioning in relation to the team. Pedagogical work took place in small as well as in the big group, where students learned to discuss, to listen, to live with and respect diversity and different opinions. They learned to deal with conflicts which are not always taken into account by the patients who present difficulties in dealing with them as an educational process. In this methodology, the teacher is a mediator between the objective to be learned and the student for the construction of knowledge in the perspective of autonomy in the process of learning to learn. He is regarded as the one who instigates the student to reflect on reality, guides and helps the student in his activities and difficulties. The evaluation process must be continuous and educational; however, a practical and traditional conception was generally kept. At times, it was conducted in a bureaucratized fashion and had a processual meaning and purpose for students and teachers.

"The process of educating critical and reflective nurses in the view of Nursing students at FAMEMAU" / "O processo de formação do enfermeiro crítico-reflexivo na visão dos alunos do curso de enfermagem da FAMEMA"

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