Ocorrencia de Cryptosporidium spp. e Giardia spp. em hortaliças da região metropolitana de Campinas (SP) : sua relação com a comunidade de trabalhadores e com a area agricola / Occurence of Cryptpsporidium spp., Giardia spp. in vegetables of the metropolitan area of Campinas, SP : her relationship with the wokers community and and with the agricultural area

Mirna Aparecida Pereira

Cryptosporidium spp. and Gim-dia spp. are waterborne parasites that cause gastroenteritis. They are known for the high incidence of cases and the chemical resistance to treatments and capacity to stay intact for a prolonged time in environment. Today, the great influence of protozoa in several waterborne and foodborne outbreaks, becomes evident that vegetables eaten raw are dangerous and favor acquisition of intestinal parasitosis. In Brazil, there is little information on transmission of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in fresh vegetables as lettuce and rucola, largely consumed by population. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in vegetable samples from agricultural area in Campinas District (SP, Brazil), and commercialized by Central de Abastecimento de Campinas S.A, CEASA, as well to evaluate the water used in vegetable irrigation, and the health and hygiene related conditions of Unidades de Produção Agrícola - UPAs (n = 15). Therefore, the presence of cysts and oocysts was determined in lettuce (Lactuca saliva) and rucola (Eruca saliva) samples and physico chemical parameters were established for irrigation water of vegetables, in different seasons of the year. Collections were made over two consecutive years, in such a way that chqracterized seasons of higher frequency of rains corresponding to months of higher occurrence of cryptosporidiosis cases in Campinas district (due to accentuated seasonality of protozoa in the end of summer and fhe beginning of autumn) and in per~?ds that corresponded to séasons of high peak utilization of subsurface waters in vegetable irrigation due to lack of rain. After washed with 100 ml of Tween 80 (0,01 %) several vegetable samples were filtered through mixed esters of cellulose membranes (4 7mm diameter and 311m nominal porosity), followed by elution by mechanical extraction. After concentration by centrifugation (1050 x g 10 minutes), the resulting sediments were examined by means of direct immunofluorescence reaction and confirmatory morphological test using the fluorogenic stain DAP1 ( 4 , 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole), it was also used zinc sulfate centrifugation flotation method to compare detection efficiency of protozoa in vegetables. Irrigation water samples (2L) were processed by the same methodology. The presence of Giardia spp. cysts occurred in 4,1% of 120 vegetable samples, in the first and third collection periods, cysts were not detected in irrigation water. Cryptosporidium spp. was not detected in either investigated seasons Cin relation to vegetable samples and irrigation water) and the presenee of eysts and ooeysts was not detected through zinc sulfate centrifugation flotation method in either vegetable samples. Sensibility of membrane filtration method for vegetables was 2,3 % to 63,1 % oocysts and 1, I % to 29,3 % eysts, respeetively. In irrigation water samples, the sensibility of methodology varied from 6,0 % to 15 % for Cryptosporidium spp. and from 2.,3 % to 25,8 % for Giardia spp.. Cysts were found in 6,6% of lettuce samples with a density of 180 to 230 cysts/50g, and 1,6 % of rueola samples with a density of 180 eysts/50g found on vegetable leaves. Therefore, it has a high importance for public health due to risk faetor for aequisition of giardiasis. The knowledge on protozoa spreading into environment and the improvement of deteetion process in food or water samples are useful for epidemiological understanding of those parasites.

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