Normas internacionais e distribuição : caminhos da política redistributiva em jogos de dois níveis

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

The main goal of this thesis is to provide a contribution to the academic thinking on the transmission channels from international norms to redistributive policies. More precisely, it analyzes how the acceptance of international norms and the exposure to international institutions may influence the implementation of redistributive policies, both at the domestic and the international levels. The analytical foundations of the work are highlighted: the political economy of redistribution; the dialogue between rationalism and constructivism in the international relations theory; and critical views on the assumption of the unitary state. In the sequence, the thesis examines theories of the interaction between the domestic and the international scenes, with a particular focus on the two-level games theory, which provides its main theoretical guideline. Furthermore, theories of the impact of international norms and institutions are discussed, with the identification of three transmission channels: the incentive structure, the representation structure and the identity structure. A theoretical model is developed around one main general conclusion: under certain conditions, the interaction with international norms and institutions may shift the domestic equilibrium towards the implementation of redistributive policies, in contrast to an alternative equilibrium where those policies are blocked by domestic coalitions. Three different equilibria can be reached in the model - the full integration, the incomplete integration and the contested regime; the equilibrium to be ultimately reached will depend on the models parameters, such as the sensivity of the state preferences to the international pressure, the relative size of the domestic coalitions, and the internal and external costs of noncompliance with international norms. In its empirical section, the thesis analyzes the relation between international norms and redistributive policies in three case studies: policies against racial discrimination in Brazil, from 1995 to 2005; policies to combat hunger in Brazil, from 1995 to 2005; and the development aid policies in the United Kingdom, from 1997 to 2005. The study on the policies against racial discrimination is the case which best fits the theoretical model; according to the study, the preparation of and the follow-up to the World Conference Against Racism (Durban) would have increased the political feasibility of affirmative action policies in Brazil. The studies also show that the interplay of three factors government preferences, organized groups and access channels to the decision-making would lie underneath the constitution and the consolidation of pro-redistributive domestic coalitions.

ASSUNTO(S)

discrimination coalitions normas institutions relacoes i?internacionais, bilaterais e multilaterais discriminação redistribution instituições development redistribuição desenvolvimento coalizões norms

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