Motor control in arm reversal movements in neurologically normal and Down Syndrome individuals / Controle motor de movimentos do braço em individuos neurologicamente normais e em portadores da Sindrome de Down : o efeito do treinamento

AUTOR(ES)

Nadia Fernanda Marconi

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2005

RESUMO

Individuals with Down syndrome improve the muscle activities and kinematics patterns of the single-joint movements with practice. Currently, we have showed that neurologically normal individuals increase the impulses of the shoulder muscle torque and elbow interaction torque with practice of the horizontal-planar arm movements with reversal. In this study, we verified if with practice, individuals with Down syndrome would be able to use the same kinetic strategy to improve the performance of the movements with reversal. Arm movements with reversal, performed on the three different target distances were reconstructed using a motion analysis system. The muscle and interaction torques were calculated using inverse dynamics. The EMG activities of the major muscles were collected. On the contrary that was expected, individuals with Down syndrome were not able to increase the linear speed of the fingertip after 1.400 trials of practice. The same was observed for the muscle and interaction torques for both shoulder and elbow joints. However, a one in eight subject was able to improve the velocity of both movements to and from the target. This subject also increased the impulses of the elbow muscle torque and shoulder interaction torque with practice. The improvement on the movement velocity was not accompanied the increase in the error ratio. The incapability of the individuals with Down syndrome to increase the reaction forces (interaction torque of the elbow) and muscle forces (muscle torque of the shoulder) with practice reveals a difficulty these subjects to get very efficient mechanical solution. The fact of the only one subject that showed improvement in velocity had used a sub-optimal strategy of the mechanical point of view, demonstrates that the Down syndrome can interfere on the elaboration of the internal model of forces that act on the movement generation. This limitation perhaps can explain the difficulty these individuals to perform complex movements and the clumsiness impression theses movements

ASSUNTO(S)

down syndrome down movement - physiology cinematica sindrome de movimento - fisiologia capacidade motora motor cpacity kinematics cinesiologia

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