Isolamento, investigação química e avaliação do potencial antibiótico, antibiofilme e anti-trichomonas vaginalis de fungos associados a organismos marinhos da costa sul do Brasil / Isolation, chemical investigation and evaluation of antibiotic, antibiofilm and anti-Trichomonas vaginalisactivities of fungi associated to marine organisms from south brazilian coast

Marina Scopel

Fungi isolated from marine organisms attract the interest of many researchers around the world, since they produce differentiated secondary metabolites due to the environmental conditions to which these organisms are subjected. Several biological activities have been reported for these compounds, mainly as antitumoral, antibacterial and, antiprotozoal. The increasing cases of antimicrobial drug resistance reveal the necessity for the search for new therapeutic agents. In this context, this study aimed to identify the fungi associated with marine organisms collected in the Arvoredo Island (SC/Brazil), in order to isolate bioactive metabolites in extracts of mycelia and broth. The antibiotic and antibiofilm activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and anti-Trichomonas vaginalis ATCC 30236 and clinical isolates activity were investigated. The isolated fungi from marine organisms were cultured for 7, 14 and 21 days. Using molecular techniques, 36 fungi belonging to the Ascomycota and one to Basidiomycota phyla, were identified, distributed among 15 different genera. Screening for metabolites possessing antibiotic activity was performed using the agar diffusion assay, for which was obtained 19 samples with inhibition halo higher than 10 mm in diameter. The inhibition and eradication of biofilm were performed by cristal violet staining method, and 5% of the total samples showed inhibition and 1% eradication of more than 75% of S. epidermidis biofilm. Moreover, 5% of the samples were able to inhibit and eradicate between 51% and 75% of biofilm formed by P. aeruginosa. Among these samples, one strain belonging to the order Sordariales (isolate F22, 14-days of cultive) and one to the genus Penicillium (isolate F37, 7-days of cultive) were selected. The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate and subjected to separation by chromatographic techniques, leading to purified compounds mevalonolactone and cis-cyclo(leucyl-tyrosyl) (identified by spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques), both able to inhibit biofilm formation by S. epidermidis ATCC. Mevalonolactone also showed activity against clinical isolates of S. epidermidis revealing, both antibiofilm and antibiotic activities at 0.06 mg.mL-1. The anti-T. vaginalis assay was carried out using the resazurin staining method andviability of trophozoites were characterized using trypan blue. Two samples of the fungi Hypocrea lixii and Penicillium citrinum showed the presence of active metabolites able to inhibit the trophozoites growth in 24 hours (MIC = 2.5 mg.mL-1), according to the kinetic curve of growth. Absence of hemolysis of erythrocytes was also observed for these two filtrate samples. The results corroborate with the reports of the great potential of marine fungi in the discovery of active metabolites.

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