HIV-1: avaliação da resistência às drogas antiretrovirais em pacientes pediátricos / HIV-1: Antiretroviral drugs resistence assessment in pediatric patients

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

With antiretroviral therapy becoming more widely available nowadays, Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 resistance identification and monitoring of disease remains of great importance in adults and infected children. The major HIV-1 infection markers usually used for monitoring viral infection and disease course are CD4+ T cell counts or percentages and HIV viral load. Both of them are helpful indicating when to start therapy and evaluating its efficacy. Also, their association with genotyping tests to identify viral resistant mutations may help clinicians for the most adequate clinical conduct. In the present study, we assessed HIV-1 viral load and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte rates for the immunological status evaluation of 25 antiretroviral-treated children managing therapeutic regimens according to genotyping test results. Drug resistance evaluation was done using genotyping covering protease and reverse transcriptase genes. Additionally, all of the 25 vertically HIV-1 infected children were assessed for viral subtyping throughout phylogenetic analysis. Eighteen samples clustered at B subtype and three clustered at F1 subtype; one BF, two BD and one DF recombinant strains were also observed. Eighteen children presented, at least, one mutation conferring resistance to the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and seven children presented resistance to the non-nucleoside inhibitors, with six resistant to all three drugs, nevirapine, delavirdine, and efavirenz. In addition, two children in whom the therapy had been discontinued two to three years before testing presented K101E, K103N, and G190A mutations conferring resistance to the all three drugs. Reverse transcriptase gene mutations were more frequently observed at codons M41L, M184V, and T215FY. However, ten children presented an important number of viral resistance mutations, ranging from five to ten mutations, conferring resistance to at least four to up to eleven antiretroviral drugs. Protease gene mutations were more frequently seen at codons M46I, D30N, and I54LV. Thirteen children presented viral resistance to at least two to up to twelve drugs. The management of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) according to viral resistance in our group of pediatric patients allowed an increase in CD4+ T cell counts and/or percentage in 12 of the 25 children, showing an improvement in their HIV-associated immunodeficiency status. Important viral burden declines were observed in 17 children, and HIV RNA undetectable levels were reached in 13 of them. Among these 17 children, 11 were multi-drug resistant. The development of resistant viral strains is one of the main reasons for failure of antiretroviral therapy. Even considering other causal factors such as compliance of the patient, metabolism of drugs and drug levels, viral resistance profile identification is an important factor in the management of therapeutic regimens, supporting the rational use of antiretroviral drugs by treatment programs.

ASSUNTO(S)

genotipagem do hiv-1 hiv children resistência viral. linfócitos t. doencas infecciosas e parasitarias antiretroviral drugs população pediátrica

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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