Healthy diet under the perspective of adolescents and the impact of a nutritional intervention with educational materials based on the Transtheoretical Model among students in Brasília-DF / A alimentação saudável na ótica dos adolescentes e o impacto de uma intervenção nutricional com materiais educativos baseados no Modelo Transteórico entre escolares em Brasília - DF

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2010

RESUMO

Introduction - In the face of unhealthy diet of adolescents, it is necessary to look for more knowledge about their eating behavior and to develop successful nutritional interventions, such as those based on the Transtheoretical Model, tailoring actions according to the stages of change. Purpose To describe perceptions about healthy eating from the perspective of adolescents and to assess the impact of a nutritional intervention with educational materials based on the Transtheoretical Model among adolescents in public schools in Brasilia, Distrito Federal. Methods A qualitative study among adolescents was developed with questions on: perceptions regarding diet and their motivation to modify it; concepts and barriers of health eating; and characteristics needed for printed materials for healthy eating promotion. Later, it was conducted a randomized experimental study during 6 months among adolescents. The experimental group received monthly magazines and newsletters aimed at healthy eating promotion. It was evaluated the usual fruit and vegetable intake, the stages of change, the self-efficacy and decisional balance scores, in addition to sex, age, nutritional status and family income. Results - In the 4 focus groups conducted, the 25 participants showed adequate concepts of healthy diet and the main barriers were temptation, food flavors, parental influence and lack of time and options for healthy snacks at school. Educational materials should stress the immediate benefits from healthy eating and have impactful messages about the health risks of a poor diet. In the second study, the experimental and control groups included 373 and 487 adolescents, respectively. Only 10,9 per cent showed an adequate fruit and vegetable intake. The intervention had no significant impact on the intake of these groups, on the components of the Transtheoretical Model, neither on the progress through the stages of change. Conclusions Adolescents reported adequate knowledge about healthy eating and barriers focused on the characteristics of food, in individual and social aspects. They identified specific characteristics to the educational materials that can contribute to a better support of actions to promote healthy eating. The intervention did not provide the expected effects. Other designs aimed at adolescents should be investigated

ASSUNTO(S)

ingestão de alimentos qualitative research intervention studies adolescent behavior comportamento alimentar comportamento do adolescente estudos de intervenção eating feeding behavior pesquisa qualitativa

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