Effects of raw milk storage time and pasteurized milk storage temperature on milk shelflife. / Efeito do tempo de armazenamento do leite cru e da temperatura de esticagem do leite pasteurizado sobre sua vida de prateleira.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of raw milk storage time and pasteurized milk storage temperature on milk physical, chemical and microbiological quality and shelf life. For each experiment, 150 liters of raw milk were used, divided into three 50 liter milk cans, stored during 0, 4 or 7 days at 5 ± 1ºC before pasteurization. During refrigerated storage, samples of raw milk were evaluated with respect to the presence of antibiotic residues, somatic cell count, pH, acidity, density, total dry extract, fat, total nitrogen and nitrogen soluble at pH 4.6 and in 24% TCA, total and fecal coliforms and the counts of the following microorganisms: aerobic mesophiles, psychrotrophs, Pseudomonas spp., thermoduric mesophiles and psychrotrophs, mesophilic and psychrotrophic spores. After the refrigerated storage period, the milk was pasteurized (7275 ºC/1520 seconds), refrigerated (5 ± 1ºC) and packaged in polyethylene plastic bags, which were divided into two lots and stored at 5 ± 1ºC or at 10 ± 1ºC. During the refrigerated storage, samples of the pasteurized milks were evaluated for the same characteristics as the raw milk, except for somatic cell count and the presence of antibiotic residues, and including pasteurization efficiency tests (peroxidase and phosphatase) and testing for Salmonella spp. The end of the shelf life of the pasteurized milk was established as the first day in which the samples presented a total count of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms above 8 x 10 4 CFU/mL. The complete experiment was repeated three times and the experimental design used was the Splitsplitplot with three factors. During the refrigerated storage of the raw milk, a significant increase of proteolysis, acidity and counts of all the classes of microorganisms evaluated was observed. The total microorganism count, which was within the limit permitted by the Brazilian legislation of 10 6 CFU/mL on the day of reception, reached values of 6.10 x 10 6 and 1.83 x 10 8 CFU/mL, after 4 and 7 days of refrigerated storage, respectively. All the samples of pasteurized milk presented a negative test for phosphatase and a positive test for peroxidase and attended the microbiological standards defined by the Brazilian Sanitary Vigilance Agency (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária), that establishes an indicative tolerance for fecal coliforms equal to 4 MPN/mL and the absence of Salmonella spp/25 mL. The initial count of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms in the pasteurized milk increased significantly with the increase of the raw milk storage time and was, in average, of 5.2 x 10, 1.9 x 10 2 and 4.0 x 10 2 CFU/mL, for the raw milk stored for 0, 4 and 7 days, respectively. Furthermore, the higher the pasteurized milk storage temperature, the higher the microorganism count, that was, in average, of 1.5 x 10 2 and 2.8 x 10 2 CFU/mL for the milk stored at 5 ± 1 and 10 ± 1ºC, respectively. The interaction between the treatments significantly affected the lag phase of all the classes of microorganisms studied, except for mesophilic and psychrotrophic spores. The lag phase period presented a tendency to be greater for shorter raw milk storage times (0 day) and lower pasteurized milk storage temperatures (5 ± 1ºC). In this condition, the shelf life of the pasteurized milk was 10.7 days. When the raw milk was stored for 7 days before pasteurization and stored at 10 ± 1ºC, the shelf life was only 2.3 days. These results confirm that to increase the shelf life of pasteurized milk, apart from good quality, a short raw milk storage time and a low pasteurized milk storage temperature are necessary.

ASSUNTO(S)

armazenamento pasteurized milk leite pasteurizado temperatura microbiologia leite cru raw milk storage microbiology temperature

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