Crescimento, fronteira tecnológica e a hipótese da relatividade do capital humano / Growth, technological frontier and the relative importance of human capital

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

17/11/2011

RESUMO

In recent years several studies have emphasized the importance of human capital for economic development. However, many of these studies have not incorporated the different stages of development to which the economies are found. In this sense, different degrees of proximity to the technological frontier induce the results of economic policy, so that the global aspects affecting the performance of economies. For this, our research examined the impacts of education policy on the rate of technological progress and the economic growth of countries according to the degree of proximity to the frontier. The most backward economies are demanding more on structural investments in relation to strategic investments in ST&I. In the same direction, other studies such as Vandenbussche, Aghion and Megh (2006) and Aghion, Boustan, Hoxby, and Vandenbussche (2009), reached similar conclusions, indicating the relevance of this research. For this, we constructed a Schumpeterian growth model incorporating on productivity, two sources of improvements adopted by firms: the components of imitation and innovation. The stock of skilled labor is allocated in the innovation activities by firms. Unlike, the stock of labor is unskilled allocated to departments for implementation of management standards and planning, ie, imitation strategies by firms. Each monopolist entrepreneur seeks to maximize its utility function that is defined by expected consumption less costs of hiring skilled labor force and unskilled. Under conditions of maximization are built two demand functions for each factor. The demand of the monopolist entrepreneur in each sector of intermediate inputs is divided in hiring skilled labor and unskilled. The demand function for factor unskilled depends positively on the distance to frontier , ie, to the backward economies, the trade-off between ST &I and investments on technological opportunities (basic infrastructure), becomes the more significant as the distance increases. For the most advanced sectors, the demand for skilled labor can offer a enhanced-growth in relation to the most backward sectors. To measure the stock of skilled and unskilled, were used average years of schooling within each education level: unskilled labor - average years of schooling in primary and secondary level; skilled labor - the average years of schooling in higher education or tertiary level. This database is provided by Barro and Lee (2000) and is built considering the five years between 1960-2000. The estimated model consisted of the regression of ln(TFP), ln(GDP per worker) and the growth rates of GDP per worker with the years of schooling lagged (t-1) and the interaction between schooling and the coefficient of technological gap lagged (t-1). The regressions were estimated with panel data using various computational methods of estimation. Early estimates show that years of schooling of the primary and secondary education contribute to the accumulation of GDP per worker and TFP when the economy is further away from the technological frontier. The estimated parameters showed statistical significance and expected signs with the hypothesis of the investigation. Since the schooling years of higher education (tertiary) have an increased effect of GDP per worker and TFP when the economy approaches the frontier

ASSUNTO(S)

capital humano instituições crescimento econômico inovações tecnológicas human capital institutions economic growth technological innovations

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