As noções de Deus, moral e religião e sua função em a religião nos limites da simples razão de Immanuel Kant
AUTOR(ES)
Sérgio Gomes e Silva
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO
2010
RESUMO
The thesis starts with the criticism present in the Critique of Pure Reason and it goes through the possibility of having metaphysics as a science. Thus, it demonstrates Kantian issues about the conception of God as an object of rational theology. The research also problematizes the Kantian criticism on the possibility of a conception of God as a metaphysical object. In addition, it discusses the boundaries imposed by criticism on metaphysics and, consequently, the a priori notions of God. Immediately, it is possible to conclude that the concept of God heads for the practical scope. However, the problem that the Kantian system presents is the deduction of the moral law, since, only from such deduction, it is possible to identify the role of God in the practical dimension. The thesis emphasizes that in the first Critique, the deduction of the moral law is impossible. On the other hand, in Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, this deduction is still metaphysical, in other words, the deduction is made from the negative concept of freedom. Only in the second Critique, through the fact of the reason, the deduction of the moral law becomes possible. Having the morality scope established, there is a place for religion. Furthermore, it highlights that Kant intends to analyze God and religion from simple reason. Therefore, both the notions of God as well as of religion are reintegrated into the perspective of Critique of Practical reason. From this context, having demonstrated the frailty of the arguments that supported the rational theology, the philosopher questions the revealed theology. Finally, the philosopher proposes the possibility of notions of God and religion under the perspective of the moral theology.
ASSUNTO(S)
religion crítica mal radical religião critique filosofia radical evil
