Algoritmo genético aplicado à otimização de asas de material compósito de veículos aéreos não tripulados / Genetic algorithm applied to optimization of composite material wings of unmanned air vehicles

AUTOR(ES)

Klaus Widmaier

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2005

RESUMO

The advent of the unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) represents a paradigm break in the aeronautical field. The project concepts involved in the development of UAVs are revised and its potential applications are rose. Also the issues related to UAVs operation are assessed and the regulatory questions involved in their certification and integration to the civil air space are argued. Amongst many singular characteristics of the UAV, its necessity of performing flights at high altitudes and with long endurance is emphasized. This leads to the employment of lighter materials and to configurations with high aspect ratio wings that cause minor induced drag. A revision on composite materials, which are of increasing use in the aeronautical field for their lightness and strength, and that are appropriate for being optimized due to their anisotropy characteristics, is made. Methods and tools of structural optimization of laminated composites are still seldom employed, due to their discrete nature and to the large number of parameters involved. An efficient and suitable method for the optimization of this kind of problem is the genetic algorithm (GA). Thus, an optimization sub-routine based on genetic algorithms was developed, using FORTRAN programming language. The developed sub-routine works in combination with Ansys, a structural analysis commercial program based on the finite elements method. A configuration of a typical UAV wing, made from composite reinforced plastics (CRP) was also proposed. The proposed wing had the number of plies and the orientations of its layers optimized using the developed sub-routine, and satisfactory results had been found. Also the effect of the variation of AG’s operator parameters in its performance, as mutation probabilities, crossover probabilities, fitness scaling, among others, have been assessed. The same wing model considered was also optimized using other build-in methods of the structural analysis program. The results of these optimizations have been compared with the results obtained with the developed sub-routine

ASSUNTO(S)

veículo aéreo não tripulado otimização unmanned air vehicle vant algoritmo genético composite material genetic algorithm optimization material compósito uav

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