Olfactory Response
Mostrando 13-24 de 120 artigos, teses e dissertações.
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13. A Behavioral and Genetic Dissection of Two Forms of Olfactory Plasticity in Caenorhabditis elegans: Adaptation and Habituation
Continuous presentation of an olfactory stimulus causes a decrement of the chemotaxis response in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. However, the differences between the learning process of habituation (a readily reversible decrease in behavioral response) and other types of olfactory plasticity such as adaptation (a decrement in response due to sensory fa
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
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14. Isolation and characterization of an olfactory mutant in Drosophila with a chemically specific defect.
A Drosophila mutant was isolated and shown to exhibit defective response to the chemical odorant benzaldehyde in two distinctly different behavioral assays. The defect exhibited chemical specificity: response to three other chemicals was normal. The mutant also showed abnormalities in pigmentation and fertility. Genetic mapping and complementation analysis p
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15. Odorants induce the phosphorylation of the cAMP response element binding protein in olfactory receptor neurons
Although odorants are known to activate olfactory receptor neurons through cAMP, the long-term effects of odorant detection are not known. Our recent findings indicate that there is also a delayed and sustained cAMP response, with kinetics sufficient to mediate long-term cellular responses. This cAMP response is mediated by cGMP through activation of adenyly
The National Academy of Sciences.
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16. pCREB in the Neonate Rat Olfactory Bulb Is Selectively and Transiently Increased by Odor Preference–Conditioned Training
Early olfactory preference learning in rat pups occurs when novel odors are paired with tactile stimulation, for example stroking. cAMP-triggered phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) has been implicated as a mediator of learning and memory changes in various animals (Frank and Greenberg 1994). In the present study we investigate w
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
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17. Nested expression domains for odorant receptors in zebrafish olfactory epithelium
The mapping of high-dimensional olfactory stimuli onto the two-dimensional surface of the nasal sensory epithelium constitutes the first step in the neuronal encoding of olfactory input. We have used zebrafish as a model system to analyze the spatial distribution of odorant receptor molecules in the olfactory epithelium by quantitative in situ hybridiza
The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.
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18. Adenylate cyclase mediates olfactory transduction for a wide variety of odorants.
An odor-stimulated adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] is thought to mediate olfactory transduction in vertebrates. However, it is not known whether the adenylate cyclase serves this function for all odorants or for only certain classes of odorants. To investigate this question, we have compared the abilities of 35 odorants to
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19. Response properties of rat olfactory bulb neurones
1. Response properties of rat olfactory bulb neurones were studied by recording single-unit activity evoked by stimuli delivered by an air-dilution olfactometer. Neural responses were quantified as peristimulus time histograms by averaging the responses evoked by eight presentations of the same stimulus. Animals were stimulated by means of controlled artific
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20. Regulation of Distinct Attractive and Aversive Mechanisms Mediating Benzaldehyde Chemotaxis in Caenorhabditis elegans
Olfactory-mediated chemotaxis in nematodes provides a relatively simple system to study biological mechanisms of information processing. Analysis of the kinetics of chemotaxis in response to 100% benzaldehyde revealed an initial attractive response that is followed by a strong aversion to the odorant. We show that this behavior is mediated by two genetically
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
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21. Spatial pattern of sensory cell terminals in the olfactory sac of the tiger salamander. I. A scanning electron microscope study.
The olfactory sac of adult tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) was assessed by scanning electron microscopy and the hitherto unknown variety of the olfactory sac cells has been documented. Regional differences in respect to the composition of the apical epithelial surface border in the olfactory sac have been recorded. Transitions between the olfactory ep
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22. Olfaction by melanophores: what does it mean?
Hypotheses on general olfaction can be divided into two broad groups: those that predict the existence of olfactory-specific olfactory receptor proteins and those that do not. Recently, much attention has been paid to the discovery of an odorant-stimulated adenylate cyclase in purified olfactory cilia. This finding has, for the most part, been accepted as ev
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23. Functional organization of sensory input to the olfactory bulb glomerulus analyzed by two-photon calcium imaging
Glomeruli in the olfactory bulb are anatomically discrete modules receiving input from idiotypic olfactory sensory neurons. To examine the functional organization of sensory inputs to individual glomeruli, we loaded olfactory sensory neurons with a Ca2+ indicator and measured odorant-evoked presynaptic Ca2+ signals within single glomeruli by using two-photon
National Academy of Sciences.
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24. Genetic Analysis of Olfactory Behavior in Drosophila: A New Screen Yields the Ota Mutants
A simple means of measuring Drosophila olfactory response is described, and the behavior which it measures is characterized. The assay was used to screen for X-linked mutants defective in olfactory function. Six ota mutants were isolated and characterized (ota = olfactory trap abnormal). Four of the mutants were found to be abnormal in another chemosensory b