Virtual layering and efficient merging in non-cooperative multicast trees
AUTOR(ES)
Amorim, Marcelo Dias de, Duarte, Otto Carlos M. B., Pujolle, Guy
FONTE
Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO
2001
RESUMO
A critical problem faced by feedback-merger mechanisms is the lack of information that is discarded due to the hidden nodes in multicast trees. A node is said to be hidden from another if it is located in a sub tree that is a result from a fork in any upstream node. We propose in this paper the virtual layering scheme to avoid the problem caused by hidden-nodes in multi-layered multicast video environments. The virtual layering scheme induces intermediate nodes to keep extra states of the multicast session, which reduces the video degradation for the whole set of receivers. Furthermore, this scheme is coupled with the Direct Algorithm in order to improve the degree of satisfaction at heterogeneous receivers. The algorithm relies on a mechanism that dynamically controls the rates of the video layers and addresses scalability issues by implementing a merging procedure at intermediate nodes in order to avoid packet implosion at the source. The Virtual Layering scheme combined with the Direct Algorithm is optimized to achieve high global video quality and reduced bandwidth requirements. The results show that the proposed scheme leads to improved global video quality at heterogeneous receivers with no cost of extra bandwidth.
Documentos Relacionados
- Análise do comportamento não cooperativo em computação voluntária
- Specific local histone-DNA sequence contacts facilitate high-affinity, non-cooperative nucleosome binding of both adf-1 and GAGA factor.
- DNA looping in the RNA polymerase I enhancesome is the result of non-cooperative in-phase bending by two UBF molecules
- Interactions of the transposase with the ends of Mu: formation of specific nucleoprotein structures and non-cooperative binding of the transposase to its binding sites.
- Computer simulations and experimental studies of gel mobility patterns for weak and strong non-cooperative protein binding to two targets on the same DNA: application to binding of tet repressor variants to multiple and single tet operator sites.