Vida sufocada : sofrimentos de pessoas com pneumopatias crônicas e a promoção da saúde pelo autocuidado

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2005

RESUMO

Although the bimedical sample focus the lack of air and cronicity, it is possible to understand the illness defended by Kleinman (1988) of the Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COPD) in how the persons realizes, cohabits and proceeds with the symptons. The aims of this research were discover the Explanatory Model (EM) of patients, caretakers and health professionals about to face this EMs and create an educative intervention of selfcaring. It was used a qualitative and anthropologic approach. Nineteen ethnographic/narrative interviews of the disease with 6 patients were done; being 2 just integrated and 4 that early participated of the Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program (PRP), their 6 caretakers and 7 professionals of this program in the months of February to July of 2005 in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. The observation-participating was realized in their houses and during the treatment in the PRP and it were also proceeded 5 focal groups for the cultural adaptation of the intervention. The profile and the narrative of patients show ways of life and similar vulnerable things that show suffering. Eventhough the unique of each experience, the cronicity goes by all the narratives, affecting the social and familiar environment of the people. The speech of the informers shows the psychological reactions as fear and shame, registers the psysical limitations provoked day by day, it approaches topics about the affective and sexual relation, talks about the obsessive dependence of oxygen and the lamentable privation of the pleasurable thigs of life. It reveals the creative strategies used, emphasizing the spirituality by the search of the divine protection, Terço da Libertação Pray and giving their lives to God. The EM of the caretakers presents a view about the disease as part of the familiar axle, the experience with the others suffering that also becomes his suffering and the availability of helping to fight for the well-being with COPD. Related to the EM of the professionals it was surprising the revelation of emphasis to risk factors for the crises, emotional aspects that influenced in the treatment and acquaintance with the disease, the nutritional orientation for a healthier life, orientations about the psysical condition and its importance in the relief of lack of air, as well as optimism messages and presence of humanization in the treatment of the chronic patient. The facing between the EMs of patients and caretakers and professionals showed differences and similarities in relation to some aspects of the disease and its treatment. The anthropological adaptation of EMs was the initial point for the readjust of the versions of self-helping intervention by intermediation of the pathology relation to the suffered person, the scientific comprehension to the lay understanding, from the secular to spiritual, from the discontextualized to the poverty reality, from the passive patient to the cultural expert and form treating the disease to promote the well living. The anthropological readjust and the return of ideas and informations of patients during the focal groups suggest the increasing level of inderstanding of Health Promotion and the increment of the self-caring practice that can be presented in future researches. With this, it will be simpler to free the suffocating caused by the disease.

ASSUNTO(S)

promoÇÃo da saÚde - dissertaÇÕes pneumologia - dissertaÇÕes saude coletiva

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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