Uso do óleo vegetal em motor estacionário de ciclo diesel / Vegetable oil use in stationary engine of diesel cycle

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

In terms of liquid biofuels, the questions related to alcohol are in a developed level with the creation of a productive chain where all the processes are technologically decided since the production of the sugar cane until the alcohol consumption with the development of the multifuel cars. As for the use of vegetable oils, some barriers must be overcome, mainly in isolated communities, with occurrence of oil plant, however, with difficulties in the production of biodiesel, due to the costs or the logistic one for the transport of the products used for the transesterification process. Thus, the use of the in natura vegetable oil in diesel engines becomes an important power source and requires the use of techniques and adaptations for a good engine performance, among them the heating for viscosity reduction and the fuel alternation to promote the washing of the feeding tubes with diesel oil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the viability of the use of the vegetable oil in the in natura form in low power diesel engines. First a study was carried through to verify the effect of the temperature in the viscosity reduction and to develop a low cost fuel heating system. After the development of the heater, the performance of the engine fed with vegetable oil mixtures and diesel oil in different ratios and temperatures of injection were verified by means of dinamometric assays, Finally, the engine was evaluated in work conditions, in the generation of electric energy in a generating group, operating for periods of up to 300 hours. In the end, the measurements of the components of the engine and the residues in the combustion chamber were verified. The main conclusions of this work were: the crude Sunflower oils. Maize and Soy reached to the diesel oil viscosity when warmed to temperatures above 160 C; the heating system was efficient to heat and to maintain the required temperature; the injection temperature and the vegetable oil ratios in the fuel did not influence in the work regimen , and in the normal rated power and the torque; an increase of the specific consumption occurred with the increase of the vegetable oil ratio in the fuel; a residue formation in the ratios of up to 50% of vegetable oil did not occur that justified the descarbonization of the combustion chamber; e the production cost of electric energy increased in 4,66% with the use of degummed soy oil in the ratio of 50%, in relation to diesel oil.

ASSUNTO(S)

mecanizacao agricola biofuels biocombustível motor diesel diesel motor vegetable oil Óleo vegetal

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