Um sistema de planejamento e gestão para bacias hidrográficas com uso de análise multicritérios / A system for planning and management of watersheds with the use of multicriteria evaluation

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

The increasing worldwide development, mainly due to the developing countries, makes a significant pressure on the environment. Several regions are now showing a loss of sustainability. The responsible use of the natural resources involves an equation which considers the sustainable development. This field of knowledge is very wide and involves a great number of variables, which require expertise, hardware/software and specific methodology. GIS Geographic Information System and multicriteria evaluation are useful tools in the decision support processes, involving spatial environmental data. The objective of this study was the development of an analytical information system named FGest, to be used on the environmental planning of watersheds, during the phase of evaluation, in the decision-making process. The Microsoft C# was used as the environment and the programming language for the development of the FGest and of the communication interfaces with the Geographic Information Systems. For the process of communication between FGest and Geographic Information Systems, the use of raster maps in ASCII format was implemented. Amongst the algorithms of the FGest is the algorithm for ranking of criteria, in accordance with the influence of the same ones in the decision process. An important phase of the software development is its test and validation through the analysis and comparison of its results. For the validation of the FGest, using multicriteria evaluation, maps of priority areas for forest restoration, in the Corumbataí river basin, State of São Paulo, aiming at the conservation of water resources were generated, . The variables used, in the format of raster maps, were the land-use adequacy, soil erodibility, erosivity, proximity to roads and proximity to the drainage network, where each factor was standardized in a 256-value continuous scale. The factors weights were determined with help of a pairwise comparison matrix. Three maps of priority areas were generated, with levels of priority represented on a continuous way, from 0 to 255, and later reclassified to show five levels of priority (very high, high, medium, low and very low). Those maps are the result of the application of the methods of the Weighted Linear Combination and the Ordered Weighted Average for the scenarios of medium/low and medium/high risks. From the obtained results it was possible to conclude that the FGest can be used as a support for planning and management of river basins, since the system successfully carried out the role of computational tool for multicriteria evaluation and its communication interface with the Geographic Information Systems ArcGIS and Spring had an adequate performance to import factors and restrictions maps and to export maps generated in the multicriteria evaluations.

ASSUNTO(S)

bacia hidrográfica geographic information systems. sistema de informação geográfica. rio corumbataí corumbataí river environmental planning river basin planejamento ambiental

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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