Ulcer incidence by pressure and risk factors in institutionalized elders / Incidência de úlceras por pressão e fatores de risco em idosos institucionalizados

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2005

RESUMO

The occurrence of ulcers by pressure (UP) is a reality in many places of health assistance and they are characterized for being frequent lesions found in serious hospitalized patients or in institutionalization places for long periods. The general aim of this study was analyzing the incidence of ulcers by pressure and the risk factors for their development in elderly people living in Long Staying Institutions (LSI). It is a prospective, cohort quantitative study. At first, the project was approved by the Ethics Committee in Research of the Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí and approved by the people in charge of four Long Staying Institutions (LSI) for elderly people in three cities in the south of Minas Gerais State which served as the place for the data collect. 94 elders who attended the following profile formed the sample: age was equal or superior to 60 years old; to show a score = 18 (in applying the Braden scale) and to accept in taking part in the study. The data were acquired through a physical examination, interview and the handbook analysis by the researcher and other nine collaborators, nurses and graduation students, previously trained for that. The elderly, who fitted into the inclusion criteria, were assessed three times a week for 90 days, with no interruption, or until they developed an ulcer or until they were send out of the hospital, were transferred or died. The data acquired were submitted to descriptive and inferential analyses through the Pearson Qui-Square test, Fisher Exact, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t-student and the non-parametric of Mann-Whitney. The results showed a global cumulative incidence of 39,4% and incidence rate (or density by incidence) of 0,57 UP by a 100 patients-day. It is possible to verify that 37 (77,08%) elders developed single ulcer; the preferential location were the malleolus (27,08%) and the ischium (25,00%) and the UP in first stage were the most frequent ones (66,67%). In relation to the demographic features of the elders, there was a preponderance of the female sex (62,80%) and the white race (68,19%), with an age average ranging from 79,06 ± 9,59. Clinically, they presented an average CMI ranging from 20,93 ± 4,95, with a predominance of urinary diseases (58,50%), use of neuroepileptics/psycothropics (52,10%), non smoking (80,90%). The previous ulcer was present in 28,70% of the elderly studied. In the first as well as in the second risk assessment, the sub-scale mobility presented the higher values of alpha of ? -Cronbach (0,6591 and 0,6631) showing itself as the most relevant for the risk assessment. The following variables showed themselves associated to the presence of UP, in a single varied analysis: female sex (p=0,012); use of neuroepileptics/psycothropics medicines (p=0,016%); presence of previous ulcer (p=0,041%); humidity sub-scale (p=0,021), in the first assessment and the nutrition sub-scales (p=0,013), rubbing and and shearing stress (p=0,036) and humidity (p=0,034), in the last assessment. Female sex and previous ulcer presence were confirmed as predictive for the development of UP, according to the logistic regression (r2=0,311), showing 3,46 and 2,76 times more chances of developing UP comparatively to men and elderly without UP, respectively. Besides these results, the total scores of the Braden Scale were different between the groups with and without UP, between the first (p=0,030) and the last assessment, being always the smallest ones for the elderly with UP. As we can conclude, this study contributes not only for the information about the incidence of the UP and the main risk factors for its development, in institutionalized elderly, very rare in our context, as for the systematization of methods that can be reapplied in other centers and in future investigations

ASSUNTO(S)

elderly idosos fatores de risco risk factors ulcers (incidence) long staying institutions asilos Úlcera (incidência)

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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