The role of fine particulate matter composition of PM2,5 and ROFA in the cell mutagenic potential and toxicity: a vegetable and animal bioassay study / Efeito da composição do material particulado fino, PM2,5 e residual oil fly ash (ROFA), como determinante do potencial mutagênico e tóxico celular: um estudo em bioensaios vegetais e animais

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

The association between atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and adverse human health effects have been consistently reported in epidemiological and experimental studies however, the ability to define the most important components involved in PM toxicity is hindered by its complex composition. In the present study we decided to further explore the effects of different atmospheric particles due to both source and composition, on the biologic system through 3 experiments. The mutagenicity and toxicity of urban PM2,5 of Sao Paulo, Brazil, from a bus strike day was evaluated by the TRAD-MN assay and inhibition of mitotic rate test of root tips Allium cepa. The frog palate was used to evaluate functional parameters (mucociliary transport ? MCT, ciliary beating frequency - CBF and potential difference ? PD) and morphometric data (epithelium tikness and mucus production) of the mucocliary apparatus exposed to ROFA from an a still plant, and to urban PM2,5. The comparative analysis of PM2,5 composition made by neutrons activation, fluorescence X-ray and gas cromatography/mass spectrometry showed decrease of trace elements, sulfur concentration (44,17%) and organics compounds (39,3%) in relation to the non strike day and was associated to coherent reduction in DNA damage. ROFA induced functional injury of the mucociliary apparatus (decrease of MCT and icrease of CBF) and the presence of antioxidants n-Propyl gallate and E vitamin protected against the mucociliary impairment induced by ROFA exposure. The comparative analysis between ROFA and PM2,5 composition showed that ROFA exhibited predominance of iron while PM2,5 showed heterogeneous composition presenting predominance of sulfur (37,594%±17,930%), iron (14,490%±6,489%) and silicon (13,142%±8,516%) and decrement of nickel (0,0336%±0,312%) and vanadium (0,260%±0,006%). We concluded that PM plays an important role in respiratory injury through oxidative stress and that adverse effects of PM on the biologic systems are strongly dependent on its composition.

ASSUNTO(S)

mutagenicity tests air pollution partículas poluição do ar emissões de veículos/efeitos adversos mucociliary clearance mucosa respiratória estresse oxidativo depuração mucociliar vehicle emissions/adverse effects partículas electrostatic rain testes de mutagenicidade respiratory mucosa estresse oxidativo precipitação eletrostática

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