The pragmatism as a method: looking for a third degree of clearness / O pragmatismo como método: em busca de um terceiro grau de clareza

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2005

RESUMO

In the present study weve pursued an analysis of the events that led to the formulation of the pragmatic maxim, in 1879, in How to make our ideas clear. We are going to defend the idea that the statement was elaborated as a logical principle that would characterize a third level of conceptual clarity to be summed to the two already known, clarity and distinction. Product of Peircean eflexions from his critics to Cartesianism, the pragmatic maxim is offered to us as an alternative, more secure and efficient, to the Cartesian method. To achieve our goals in the present work, we are going to go over a brief analysis of the historical, scientific and cultural context ruling by the time of the statements first appearance, focusing on some main aspects: the new scientific paradigm, the consequences of the Civil War and the rise of discussion clubs, among them the Metaphysic Club of Cambridge Following up, we are going to perform an examination of the critics to Descartes presented in the texts of the Cognitive Series (1868-1869) and in the Illustrations of the logic of science (1877-1878), showing the logical sequence presented by them. Our efforts will be focused on showing how each problem pointed out by Peirce in the Cartesian theory leads to the elaboration of an alternative theory. Some concepts will be treated in a more detailed way whose purpose is to clarify their importance in the comprehension of the statement, such as belief, doubt and inquiry. The first two articles of the Illustrations of the logic of science series, The fixation of belief and How to make our ideas clear will count on special attention, considering they are the main focus of this study. We will go over the analysis made by Peirce of the different kinds of methods used, usually, to fix the belief, demonstrating how he prepares the ground, in the first text, to present the pragmatic maxim as an alternative method. In the end, we are going to check the main differences between Peirces and James pragmatism and contemplate the efforts applied by the first one to distance himself from the second one

ASSUNTO(S)

peirce peirce, charles sanders -- 1839-1914 -- how to make our ideas clear -- crítica e interpretação pragmatismo inquiry logic epistemology método epistemologia method filosofia investigação lógica

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