Stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of brain metastases: efficacy and complications based on brain location / Radiocirurgia no tratamento das metástases cerebrais: resposta terapêutica e complicações baseadas na localização da lesão

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

Brain metastases are the most common Central Nervous System tumors. Among the therapy options stereotactic radiosurgery has became in the last two decades an usefulness treatment technique attending with lower complication and mortality rate. However, even an extended literature review, many questions remain unclear about this therapy modality, mainly related with long-term complications, steroids dependency, and relations with brain eloquent areas. The goal of this project is analyze stereotactic radiosurgery as treatment modality for brain metastases in a large series, considering clinics and radiologic lesions aspects and identifying predictors factors for complications, treatment failure and treatment necrosis regarding the relation with brain eloquent areas. We retrospectively review 213 patients with 261 brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery. Several demographics aspects were analysed. We noticed a good distribution of histological groups and the performing patient status. We also lump these lesions in groups based on their location in relation with eloquent brain areas (grade I, II and III). This study found a general steroids dependency rate of 24,3% for all cases, occurring in 15%, 25% and 29% in lesions grade I, II and III respectively. Thats twice the frequency for lesions located in eloquent brain areas compared with non eloquent located lesions. Specifically, the steroids dependency occurred in 54,5% of brain stem tumors, 38,8% tumors related with motor/sensory centers, 35,5% speech center tumors related and 20% of cases related with visual areas. Even in these subgroups the dependency rate decreases with time. The long-term tumor local control was achieved in 184 treated lesion (70,5%). Complications were more often found in eloquent areas, specifically in 64,7%, 64,9% and 55,3% respectively for brain stem, speech centers and motor/sensory related lesions. Among all variables we found significant differences for complications in cases of progressive primary disease, lesions grade III (located in eloquent areas), brain stem lesions, and related with motor/sensory areas. Regarding only treatment failure prediction, we noticed significances in cases of progressive primary disease, none previously radiated cases, and lesions related with motor/sensitive and speech areas. We considered predictors of treatment necrosis melanoma and renal cell carcinoma metastases, extra-cranial metastases, previously radiated patients, doses >20Gy. In all analysis we found significant differences as bigger as the treated lesion. We did not find significant differences regarding efficacy and complication comparing all histological types. We identify statistically significant considering "radioresistent" tumors for treatment necrosis. Based on the results, we conclude that radiotherapy previously stereotactic radiosurgery were related higher effectiveness and treatment necrosis. Progressive primary disease predicts complications and treatment failure. Bigger lesions were statistically significant related with complications, treatment failure and necrosis compared with smaller ones. We can also conclude that brain location of metastases is an important variable to predict complications, with results that showed statistically significant differences found in grade III lesions, specifically brain stem tumors, lesions related in motor/sensitive areas, compared with non eloquent located lesions. These areas are also related with higher steroids dependency rates

ASSUNTO(S)

eficácia metástase neoplásica neoplasm metastasis cerebral cortex corticosteróides efficacy radiocirurgia radiosurgery adrenal cortex hormones morbidade morbidity córtex cerebral

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