Sociologia, Modernidade e questÃo social

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

The objective of this thesis is to analyze the shaping of social issue as a âgreat social inventionâ of modernity, where the social and political forces, sociological process and the creation of the national States were directly arranged in a regular, overlapping pattern. It aims at answering two important questions: How does the âsocial issueâ emerge within the context of modernity, centered on the organization of labor in the urban-industrial societies, but also as a sociological problem? And how the new institutional and labor changes of the 1980-2000 period have conditioned the direction of the social issue in contemporaneous Brazil? The thesis is structured into two major parts, which in turn integrate four chapters. The first part approaches the great social innovation of the social State, analyzing the opposing social forces (liberalism and socialism). It unfolds the contribution of classical authors (Tocqueville, Marx, Engels and Simmel) referring to the pauperization phenomenon and the sociology implications for the construction of practical action categories, in order to interfere in society. In its conclusion, it restores the historical formation of the âdesocuppationâ phenomenon of Brazil and the critical thesis of the peripheral modernization, as central elements for understanding contemporaneous changes. The second part â The reconversion of the social issue in Brazil â blends time and place. It analyzes the dilemmas of the social Brazilian issue, during the 1980 -2000 period, as a public problem embedded in the individual history of this country at a given conjuncture. It prioritizes the analysis of welfare policies and income transfer, observing its effects on the social segmentation and on the new zones of social exclusion. Through the âconstruction and deconstructionâ processes of social policies, it attempts at grasping âthe social issue being formedâ. The social policies are then understood as dynamic objects and fields of controversies. They comprise the social actorsâ resistance and displacement in the field of the practical and political actions, which were submitted to the cognitive categories for the formulation of unemployment, poverty and social exclusion problems. These categories resume social reality, reshaping it, in a movement of mutual determination between sociology and society. The circular operations inherent to the focus of the policies, including some and excluding others, end up restricting the redistributive conflict on its basis, amongst the poor and the quasi-poor ones, fostering âthe social issue loopâ, closing the social issue on itself, incapable of forging civilizatory ties that generate more vast complicities oriented to ressocializing economics and politics. This is the great challenge that sociological imagination has to face nowadays

ASSUNTO(S)

social politics brazil sociologia poverty and inequality teoria social polÃtica social programa bolsa famÃlia brasil social theory family allowance program pobreza e desigualdades sociais

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