Socioeconomic standings and head and neck cancer / Condições socioeconômicas e câncer de cabeça e pescoço

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

This is a hospital-based case-control study involving patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer. Such patients have participated in the "Latin American Multicentric Study from Environmental Factors, Virus and Oral Cavity and Larynx Cancer", and in the "Clinical Genome of Cancer Project", from November 1998 to December 2005, and were attended at the Hospital Heliópolis, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho. The case group comprised patients histologically diagnosed with mouth, pharynx or larynx cancer; the control group comprised patients treated at the same hospitals for other diseases than malignant neoplasms or conditions related to head and neck cancer risk factors. Data analysis used non-conditional logistic regression based on a hierarchical model of determination. At the most distal level, demographic variables were included (e.g. sex, skin color and age), followed by education level (e.g. highest grade or degree completed) and occupation (i.e. the one performed the longest period). Alcohol and tobacco consumption were included at the most proximal level. The investigation also assessed whether the association between education level and occupation with mouth and neck cancer was only mediated by differential patterns of alcohol and tobacco consumption among social strata, or there was residual variation that exceeded those two factors. All analyses for mouth and neck cancer were specifically replicated for each topographic location (mouth, pharynx and larynx). The study was approved by the University of Sao Paulo School of Dentistrys Ethics Committee, report number 68/07, and statistical analyses used the Stata 9 program. The sample was composed of 1017 cases and 951 controls. Hierarchical analysis identified a greater chance of head and neck cancer for men (OR=2,01; CI95% 1,57-2,59), patients aged 48 to 55 years old (OR=1,82; CI95% 1,42-2,33), uneducated or semi-literate patients (2,48; CI95% 1,73-3,52), subjects with elementary education (8 years) (1,31; IC95% 1,05-1,63) and those performing manual occupations (1,38; CI95% 1,10-1,74). In addition, tobacco smokers and alcohol users presented a higher odds than those non-exposed to these conditions. In the non-hierarchical model, even after the adjustment for tobacco and alcohol use, a higher odds was identified for the less-schooled strata in every topographic location (except for mouth tumors), and for subjects with manual labor occupations (except for mouth and pharynx tumors). Identification of such residual effect indicates that there are other factors than alcohol and tobacco consumption, which mediate the uneven distribution of head and neck cancer across the socioeconomic strata.

ASSUNTO(S)

neoplasias faríngeas socioeconomic factors neoplasias laríngeas desigualdades em saúde laryngeal neoplasms fatores socioeconômicos pharyngeal neoplasms neoplasias bucais health inequalities education ocupações mouth neoplasms occupations head and neck neoplasms neoplasias de cabeça e pescoço educação

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