Social behavior of infants in the first trimester of life in response to visual and auditory stimuli / Comportamento social de lactentes no primeiro trimestre de vida em resposta aos estimulos visual e auditivo

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2010

RESUMO

This study analyzed the social behavior of infants by comparing the responses smiling/vocalization to visual and hearing stimuli (such as smiling, head movements and speech) applied by mothers and researchers. Research was conducted during the first, second and third months of life. The infants were selected at the Center for Studies and Research on Rehabilitation "Prof. Dr. Gabriel O. S. Porto" of the School of Medical Science at the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) after getting informed consent from the parents or the adult responsible for the infant. We have included full term adequate birth weight infants who had passed the neonate hearing and visual screenings. We have excluded infants who were diagnosed with infections and/or congenital malformation in the nursery and remained in the Neonate Intensive Care Unit. Infants were assessed with an adaptation of test 3 of the Guide for the Assessment of Visual Ability Infants, which evaluates smile and vocalization behaviors as response to certain stimuli. The data were exported to an SPSS 14 database. Result analysis was carried out through a descriptive and comparative study of the infants social responses to visual and hearing stimuli offered by different applicants. Analysis of agreement among applicants for every month and stimuli was calculated using the Kappa coefficient. In order to analyze comparatively the categorical variables month, applicant and stimulus the Generalized Estimating Equations method was used. The sample consisted of 157 infants: 57, 55, and 45 in the first, second, and third months respectively. Results showed that the infants responses presented agreement for mother and researcher in the second month when visual stimulus was applied. In the third month, there was agreement in responses for visual as well as visual combined with hearing stimuli. In the comparative analysis of smile responses for month and stimuli variables, there was significant difference (p-value=0,0001) between the first and second months and first and third months. The greatest frequency of smile responses were generated by the combination of visual and hearing stimuli. In the comparative analysis of vocalization there were differences for all three variables (month, stimulus, and applicant). For month and stimulus, p-value was 0,0001; for applicant p-value was 0,0002. There were no statistical differences between sex. Results indicate that visual stimulus associated with hearing stimulus generates the greatest number of infants social responses, both when mothers and when the applicants conducted the stimuli. In the first trimester of life, the most frequent social response was smiling, and this response did not depend on who was applying the stimulus. Vocalization as a social response was significantly more frequent when mothers were applying the stimulus. In general, infants were more apt for social interactions in the third month of life; mother s face associated with her voice was the combination that stimulated the greatest interests in the infants for communication with others

ASSUNTO(S)

audição smiling hearing visão interação mãe-filho vision ocular sorriso mother-child relations

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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