Skim milk processing by ultra high pressure homogenization (UHPH). / Processamento de leite desnatado atraves da tecnologia de homogeneização a ultra alta pressão (HUAP).

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

This work aimed to evaluate the use of ultra high pressure homogenization (UHPH) in skim milk processing. Firstly, the effect of UHPH process on inactivation of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Listeria innocua and Lactobacillus helveticus at pressure range from 100 to 300 MPa was studied. Skim milk samples were inoculated in order to obtain 106-107 CFU/mL. Tests of each microorganism were carried out individually. Results showed that pressures of 200, 250 and 260 Mpa were able to inactivate all the 107 CFU/mL initially inoculated of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Listeria innocua and Lactobacillus helveticus, respectively. UHPH effect on Bacillus stearothermophilus spores was also evaluated. Results demonstrated that pressures up to 300 MPa did not cause any reduction on spore counts. It was also verified that UHPH process did not affect in a significantly way (p<0.05) thermal resistance of spores. Effect of high inlet temperatures (45°C) was verified as well as application of thermal chock (100°C - 15min) before submitting samples to UHPH process. At these tests no reductions were observed again. UHPH effect on Clostridium sporogenes spores inactivation was tested. A pressure of 300 MPa was not able cause any reduction on spore counts. Alkaline phosphatase, lactoperoxidase and protease produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens inactivation by UHPH process was also studied. Results showed that at pressure range tested (100 to 300 MPa) maximum lactoperoxidase reduction activity was 28.48% at 300 MPa. Alkaline phosphatase, presented activity reductions smaller than 30% at pressures from 100 to 250 MPa but was totally inactivated at 270 MPa. A reduction of 72.5% on proteolitic enzyme activity was verified after processes at 300 MPa. Velocity profiles at ultra high pressure homogenization valve were determined using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) from 100 to 300 MPa. It was demonstrated that velocity increases with homogenizing pressure. The maximum velocity value obtained was 245 m/s at the outlet of the valve gap during processes at 300 MPa. Finally, the effect of ultra high pressure homogenization process on color (L*a*b*) and viscosity of raw skim milk was studied. Pressures varied from 100 to 300 MPa. Results showed that although variations on L*, a* and b* parameters were statistically significant (p<0.05) at the majority of samples analyzed, visually this was not verified. Only viscosity of samples processed at 300 MPa differed in a statistically significant way from the others (p<0.05). Results from this work indicated that ultra high pressure homogenization processing of milk can be an alternative to dairy industry for increasing shelf life during storage of raw milk prior to production of UHT milk, cheese and other products as it reduces significantly vegetative cells counts and proteolysis due to the protease produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens.

ASSUNTO(S)

leite desnatado fluidodinamica computacional (cfd) computational fluid dynamics (cfd) skimmed milk esporos enzimas hifh pressure homogenization spores homogeinização por alta pressão enzymes

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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