Síntese de insumos químicos a partir de biodiesel produzido pela transesterificação de gordura animal / Synthesis of intermediary chemicals produced from biodiesel by animal fat

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2010

RESUMO

Due to technical and economic reasons, the biodiesel production from animal fat, to be used as biofuel, is disadvantageous when compared to some processes that utilize raw materials from vegetables origin. However, biodiesel derived from animal fat has chemical characteristics that allow its use as an input for a wide range of products with high added value. In general, biodiesel can be used as base for the production of polymeric resins, alternative lubricants to petroleum derivatives, industrial emulsifiers in cosmetics, plasticizers in polymer blends, textile industry, substituting raw materials with lower market supply and more negative environmental impact. In this study, biodiesel was obtained through the process of pork fat transesterification, using ethanol as reagent, varying the catalyst used and the reactions conditions, focusing on both the efficiency of the separation between the biodiesel and the glycerin, and the product yield. Samples of biodiesel and glycerin were characterized by the techniques of Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Hydrogen (H1-NMR) to evaluate the products obtained and to determine the conversion of swine fat into biodiesel, respectively. The technique of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used in qualitative and quantitative determinations of biodiesel, to confirm the composition of the products that will be used as raw materials in the future. The properties and also the physical and chemical specifications of the products of transesterification will be evaluated, in accordance with methods and technical standards defined by the National Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP). After determining the biodiesel composition, separation steps of the components were performed by chemical adsorption technique, using urea as adsorbent, and by difference in freezing temperature to separate the substances of interest. The components that were separated suffered epoxidation reaction to produce chemical products which can be used as intermediates in the synthesis of new materials of high added value and for specific applications

ASSUNTO(S)

gordura biodiesel matérias-primas resinas epoxi biocombustível biodiesel raw-materials epoxy ring biofuel fat

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