Síntese de bisporfirinas contendo o espaçador 2,2-bipiridina: modelos na elaboração de sensores luminescentes de íons metálicos / Synthesis of bisporphyrins held together by the 2,2-bipyridine spacer: models in the elaboration of luminescent sensors for metal ions

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

In this work have been synthesized bisporphyrins held together by means of amide linkage at the 4,4position of 2,2-bipyridine, reacting the mono-functionalised aminophenyl-porphyrin (NH2PTriPP) and 4,4-diacid chloride bipyridine (DACBipy). A preliminary study was conducted for the establishment of the reaction conditions for the attainment of mono(nitrophenyl)-porphyrin (NO2PTriPP), the corresponding porphyrin precursor for the NH2PTriPP synthesis. The NO2PTriPP was obtained with yields in the range of 60% in nitration reactions of TPP in trifluoroacetic acid at room temperature, using twofold molar excess of sodium nitrite and period of reaction no longer than one minute. With these reaction conditions are achieved high reproducibility and the resulting mixture of NO2PTriPP and TPP can be directly reduced by tin chloride for obtaining NH2PTriPP without the need of TPP separation. After a series of trials the bisporphyrin-bipyridine (BisPBipy) was obtained reacting NH2PTriPP and DACBipy. Important features of this reaction conditions are the preparation in situ of the diacid chloride bipyridine and the use of a larger excess of aminoporphyrin than the usual for this kind of reaction. In this way, the formation of the corresponding carboxylic acid bipyridine is avoided. The correspondent Zn(II) bisporphyrin-bipyridine derivative (BisZnPBipy), was obtained reacting the free base BisPBipy with zinc chloride. The BisPBipy and BisZnPBipy show characteristic spectral profile of free base and metalloporphyrin spectra, and was observed a great similarity in the absorption maxima for the Soret and Q bands with the corresponding maxima of TPP and ZnTPP respectively. Otherwise the molar absorptivities are twofold higher, as an indication of the existence of two chromophoric units, as expected for bisporphyrins. As observed for the UV-Vis absorption spectra there are a great similarity in the emission properties of BisPBipy and BisZnPBipy and the models TPP and ZnTPP respectively. The "reverse mirror image" emission of TPP is also observed for BisPBipy, indicating that the porphyrin chromophore bounded to the bipyridine unit does not alter the excited state geometry. The fluorescence quantum yields for BisPBipy and BisZnPBipy are the same to the observed for TPP and ZnTPP, indicating that for the same fraction of absorbed light the same fluorescence is displayed per porphyrin unit in the bisporphyrin. It can be concluded from the absorption and emission properties that the porphyrin chromophore in these bisporphyrins behaves as independent units. The interaction between the bisporphyrins-bipyridines and Zn2+, Fe2+, Ni2+ , Cu2+ and Co2+ ions in THF was investigated by means of UV-Vis electronic absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopies, the results show that the interaction occurs only with Ni2+ , Cu2+ e Co2+ without formation of any precipitate. The presence of these metal ions in the bisporphyrin-bipyridine solutions causes small decrease in the intensity of the Soret band; the Q bands remaining unaltered. These spectral features are due to the interaction at the bipyridine unit of these bisporphyrins, and the resulting spectral changes occur in the ligand-centered bipyridine bands showing absorption in the ultra-violet, not matching appreciably the porphyrin absorption spectrum region. The presence of metal ions deeply influences the fluorescence emission intensity of these bisporphyrins, being observed the fluorescence quenching as function of the increasing metal ion concentration. From the fluorescence emission data the stoichiometry of the complexes formed in solution has been estimated for Co2+ and Cu2+ as 1:1 and for Ni2+ as 2:1. The analysis of the Stern-Volmer plots shows a typical profile of a non diffusional quenching process. The apparent Stern-Volmer constants (KSVap) show no significant differences independently of the bisporphyrin or the metal ion employed, being obtained KSVap values of approximately 5x105 M-1. In addition, it was studied the interaction between the bisporphyrins-bipyridines and the [Eu(tta)3(H2O)2 complex, with no appreciable interaction occurring at normal titrating conditions, as an indicative of disfavoring process of the replacement of the coordinated water molecules by the bipyridine ligand in THF. For the samples submitted to heating a fluorescence quenching of 25-30% can be observed, indicating that under heating conditions the complex with the bipyridine is formed. These bisporphyrins are promising in the development of more complex systems containing porphyrins due the presence of the bipyridine units that enable the formation of a series of new structures based on the bipyridine coordination. Another perspective is regarded to the elaboration of bisporphyrins-bipyridine containing different metalloporphyrins, such as palladium, tin, copper, that show luminescence, but with different excited state properties than the zinc porphyrin ones, resulting in systems of great versatility.

ASSUNTO(S)

bisporphyrins química de coordenação bisporfirinas metal ion sensors síntese inorgânica química supramolecular bipiridinas bipyridine Íons sensores de íons metálicos inorganic synthesis luminescência coordenation chemistry luminescence

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