Separation process of complex mistures / Projeto de processos de separação de sistemas complexos

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2005

RESUMO

The separation process of homogeneous and non ideal mixtures is a common problem in chemical industries. The complex mixture separations may happen at low pressure to prevent thermal degradation or using reactive distillation to eliminate existing azeotropes and/or in order to increase the rei ative volatility of the components to be separated. Reactive distillation has been used in industrial applications for many years ago, but only recently, with the availability of mathematical models, it is possible to develop algorithms in order to calculate and to simulate the distillation process where the vapor-liquid and the chemical equilibria occur simultaneously. So, in this way, reactive distillation is one. of the most effective industrial applications in order to separate complex mixtures, since it is based on the concept of multifunction reactors or, in other words, on the combination of chemical reactors with fractionating distillation in a single equipment. In this work, two important processes were studied. The first one was the separation of mono and diglycerides from glycerol, fatty acids and water using low pressure distillation. The second one was the proposition of a new reaction scheme to carry out the separation of the diluted system composed by phenol and water, using acetic anhydride as reactant forming acetic acid and phenyl acetate as product. The scheme seems to be a simple and efficient alternative to the decontamination of wastewaters. It was necessary, also, to develop methodologies to calculate the reaction kinetic and characterization of the mixtures being studied in the second case. Computational steady state simulations were performed using Hysys.Plant@ commercial simulator. The results obtained are inedit in the published literature, contributing, so, with the developments in co.mplex mixture separations. This work was developed in the Separation Process Development Laboratory, at the School of Chemical Engineering, at UNICAMP

ASSUNTO(S)

mistura (quimica) low pressure distillation complex mistures equilibrio liquido-vapor cinetica quimica destilação fenois phenol water separation benson method kinetic processos quimicos phenil acetate processos quimicos reactive distillation

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