Seleção de pessegueiro com base na necessidade de frio da semente e qualidade do fruto / Peach selection based on the seed chilling requirement and fruit quality

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

24/02/2010

RESUMO

The peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] is a temperate species that can be grown in areas with mild winter climates by the use of adapted genotypes. This species have dormant buds and seeds, and the exposure to low temperatures is the main way to overcome dormancy in these two organs. Generally, plants that have low chilling requirement to overcome dormancy of buds produce seeds also with low chilling requirement to germinate. The association between these two traits had been studied as a way to select individuals with low chilling requirement based on the requirements of the seed. However, it is necessary to understand better the process of seed dormancy for realize this indirect selection. This work consisted of two studies: i) the chilling requirement for germination of peach was studied. Seeds were stratified at low temperature and the families were compared for the time spent to reach 50% seed germination, and ii) the quality of the fruit of families previously selected for the ability to sprout and bloom were evaluated. The experiments were performed in the Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV) from November 2008 to March 2009. To assess germination, the fruits were harvested and the seeds extracted from the endocarp and disinfected with a fungicide solution, placed in plastic bags containing paper rolls moistened with distilled water and brought to cold stratification at 5C and 10C, alternating temperature every 2 days, when the seed germination was checked. The time (days) needed for reaching 50% germination by each family was computed. A completely randomized design with four replications was used, being each experimental unit consisting of 10 seeds. For the fruit analysis, samples of 10 fruits were evaluated for skin color (% red shell), texture (melting and non-melting), firmness (lbs); diameters sutural, equatorial and polar (mm), fruit weight, stone and pulp content, total soluble solids contents (Brix), total titatrable acidity (expressed as grams of malic acid per 100 ml of juice) and soluble solids / total acidity ratio (TSS / TA). The data were subjected to analysis of variance, as a completely randomized design, where each plant was considered as a repetition and each family as a treatment. The means were compared by Duncan test (p <0.05). The families selected wich earlier reached 50% germination were the 2303, 4203, 4503 and 5303, considering the selection among. Within the families there were selected two individuals in the families 2303, 4203 and 5303 and one in the 4503 as promising for use in low chilling requirement breeding programs. Considering the combined selection, we selected two individuals in families 2303, 4203 and 5303 and one in the 3503 and 4503 families, indicating adaptation to low chilling winter conditions of cultivation, especially. The best fruit quality for fresh marked, considering all evaluated traits was observed in the family 1303. The 4503 family, which showed the best values for the traits studied, except skin color, was selected for low seed dormancy. So, this family could be used in crosses to improve fruit color, becoming a good option for the Southeast of Brazil.

ASSUNTO(S)

seleção adaptação necessidade de frio semente fruto melhoramento vegetal prunus persica selection adaptation chilling requirement seed fruit prunus persica

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