Salmonellosis: epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial evaluation of the patients from "Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas" with infection due to Salmonella spp. in the period from January 1992 to December 2002 / Salmoneloses: avaliação epidemiológica, clínica e laboratorial dos pacientes do Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas com infecção por Salmonella spp. no período de janeiro de 1992 a dezembro de 2002

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: knwon the epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial characteristics of the patients with infection due to Salmonella spp. and the pattern of susceptibility to antimicrobials of such isolates of Salmonella spp., from "Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, São Paulo" (SP), in the period of January 1992 to December 2002. METHODS: review of the patients charts and evaluation of the pattern of susceptibility from the isolates of Salmonella spp. performing the disk diffusion method to the antimicrobials ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and streptomycin. RESULTS: a total of 146 isolates were obtained from different patients in the period evalueted. One-hundred and eleven (76.0%) patients were male and 35 (24.0%), female. The median age was 29.33 ± 12.76 years (range one year 70 years). One-hundred and six (72.6%) patients lived in the city of São Paulo. In 128 (87.7%) cases, the probable source of contamination with Salmonella spp. was unknwon. Fever, diarrhoea, nausea and/or vomiting and respiratory sintomatology were present, respectively, in 111(76%), 92 (63%), 67 (45.9%) and 63 (43.2%) patients at presentation. In HIV-seropositive patients, respiratory sintomatology was the most common. Most of the isolates were obtained from blood and stool, respectively, 109 (74.4%) and 22 (15.1%) isolates. Thirty-five (24.0%) isolates belonged to serotype Salmonella Typhi and 111 (76%) to non-Typhi serotypes, being the most common Enteritidis with 42 (37.8%) isolates; Typhimurium, 23 (20.7%); I,4,[5],12:i:-, 16 (14.4%) and Dublin, 16 (14.4%). Ninety-seven (66.4%) patients had HIVserology positive and six (4.1%) patients, negative. In 43(29.5%) patients, the HIV serology was unknown. Considering the 97 HIV-seropositive patients, in 14 (14,4%), the actual episode of salmonellosis, with or without oportunistic infections, was the responsible for the discovery of the HIV infection or to development to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in already known HIV-seropositive patients. The following percentages of susceptibility were found in the antimicrobials analysed: ciprofloxacin, susceptibility of 100%; ceftriaxone, 99.3%; chloramphenicol, 96.6%; nalidixic acid, 95.2%; ampicillin, 92.5%; trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 91.8%; tetracycline, 86.3% and streptomycin, 65.8%. Thirtyeight (26.0%) evoluted to death, being all HIV-positive patients (p <0.0001) with infection to non-typhoidal Salmonellae (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: the occurrence of serotypes Typhi and non-Typhi and the patients sintomatology depends on the HIV-serology. Culture of blood and stool should be part of the diagnosis. Ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol and ampicillin are good therapeutic options for Salmonella spp. infection. HIV-serology positive and the isolation of non-Typhi Salmonella were risk factors to death.

ASSUNTO(S)

síndrome de imunodeficiêcia adquirida salmonella salmonella hiv acquired immunodeficiency syndrome drug resistance resistência a drogas hiv

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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