Relações filogenéticas na ordem Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi) / Phylogenetic relationships of the order Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

Characiformes comprise a diverse order of fishes with 18 families, roughly 270 genera, and more than 1700 species. Representatives of this order are widely distributed in freshwater habitats in southwestern United States, Mexico, Central and South America, and Africa. Three phylogenies of the order were published in the last decade, two molecular and one morphological. However, there are instances of disagreements among their topologies. In the present study, a balanced sampling within the diversity of the order was attempted. At least, two genera of all currently recognized families, one genus of all the characid subfamilies, and several taxa considered as incertae sedis in the Characidae were included. This approach, totaling 97 species of Characiformes, had the objectives of testing the monophyly of all characiform families, of hypothesizing the limits of the family Characidae, and of determining the relationships among these families. A matrix of 410 morphological characters was analyzed. Characters were derived from the morphology of scales, swimbladder, digestive tract, and osteology. Despite the large data set, there is a single incongruence between the two cladograms; the position of Astyanax within a small clade. Several new hypotheses of relationships within the Characiformes were recovered. The order is divided in two large clades. The first clade is composed by Crenuchidae at its base, followed by a paraphyletic Distichodontidae (including Citharinidae). Distichodontidae, as proposed here, is the sister-group of (Parodontidae (Hemiodontidae ((Anostomidae, Chilodontidae) (Prochilodontidae, Curimatidae)))). The other large clade is also split at its base in two subclades. One of these is composed of a paraphyletic Lebiasinidae (including Erythrinidae), as the sistergroup of a paraphyletic Alestidae (including Serrasalminae). The other subclade is composed of the majority of the species of the order. In this clade a monophyletic Characidae (excluding Salminus and Brycon) is defined, and is the sister group of a clade composed of (Salminus (Brycon (Cynodontidae (Acestrorhynchidae (Hepsetidae, Ctenoluciidae).

ASSUNTO(S)

ostariophysi ostariophysi cladistics characiformes characidae cladistica characiformes characidae

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