ProduÃÃo e nutriÃÃo de mudas de pessegueiro em hidroponia. / Production and nutrition of peach seedling in hydroponic

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

The search for new technologies in modern fruit production has been continuous. That is due to the growing level of demands of the market, which is more and more competitive. Few are the technologic alternatives in the area of seedlings, mainly in temperate climate fruit-bearing plants such as the peach tree. The production of seedlings in hydroponics has been being utilized lately successfully for some crops, due to the earliness and exemption of pathogens, mainly the ones of soils. This study was conducted with the following objectives: a) the feasibility of the production of peach seedlings by the hydroponical technique; b) the effect of different pruning heights of the rootstock, seeking reduction in the obtaining time of grafting time; c) types of grafting with a greater percentage of setting and best growth of the seedlings and d) accumulation of nutrients by the seedlings obtained. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse in the Hydroponics Sector of the Soil Science Department/UFLA, Lavras, MG till the obtaining of the commercially ready seedling. The cultivar utilized as the rootstock was the Okinawa peach tree and as the crown, cultivar Premier. The design was in completely randomized blocks, factorial 4 x 3 with three replicates. Each replicate was made up of four plants (one in each tube), amounting to 144 plastic tubes. The factors under study were: four pruning treatments conducted on the rootstocks (without any pruning, pruning at 15 cm, 25 cm and 35 cm high) and three grafting methods (budding, inverted T budding and cleft grafting). The seeds after stratification period were sown in plastic tubes using vermiculite as a substrate, which were transferred into a pool, containing the nutrient solution, after its germination. The diameter of the rootstock stem, weekly (7 days) taken at five centimeters of the collar of the plants submitted or not to the prunings, till all the treatments reached 5-6 mm to perform grafting, the percentage of setting of the grafting evaluated 20 days after grafting; the height of the graftings (shoots), weekly, dry matter yield of the parts of the plant (root and shoot), obtained in the collection of the plants and accumulation of nutrients by the seedlings were all assessed. The results indicated that the hydroponic system proved to be a feasible technique in the production of peach rootstocks and seedlings with a significant reduction of production time as compared with the conventional one. For the production of high quality peach seedlings and less time of production, the ideal is the accomplishment of inverted T budding without any pruning. The highest dry matter yield and accumulation of macronutrients took place in the absence of pruning of the rootstock in the budding and inverted T budding.

ASSUNTO(S)

ciencia do solo

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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