Procedimentos para apropriação de tecnologias para implantação de sistema de saneamento ambiental em comunidades isoladas e com poucos recursos financeiros e humanos. / Procedures for ownership of technologies for deployment of system on environmental sanitation in isolated communities with limited financial and human resources.
AUTOR(ES)
Domingos Quiante
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO
2008
RESUMO
The environmental sanitation systems absence causes many problems of health, elevating significantly private and public expenses in the sector, mainly in the latter, concerning the handling of illnesses, as malaria, dengue, illnesses of Chagas, diarrheas, typhoid fever, among many others. Many studies have shown the intrinsic relation of the investments in infrastructure, specifically of the environmental sanitation systems implementation, with the public health, in a way that it was perceived that the sanitation systems contributed decisively to the improvement of the welfare of the individuals, and also, to the reduction of public and private expenses with health. The pursuit for environmental and sanitary problems solutions has been faced all over the years by the competent agencies, but it was never very successful, in a way that it became a task that seems very distant to be accomplished, mainly in the countries namely of the so-called Third World. Isolated communities, located in rural and/or urban zones, with no offer of sanitation services by public companies and with limitation of human and financial resources, suffer and are more susceptible to the illnesses related to the lack of environmental sanitation system. Given this singularity and considering the failure of the programs of sanitation proposed by the competent public organs and international agencies of development, the purpose of this work was to develop a model for implementation of environmental sanitation systems through the Program of Appropriation of Technologies of Environmental Sanitation (Aptsa), prioritizing the participation of the communities residents in the identification, setting up, and management of sanitation options compatible with its reality. Getting to the model of Aptsa implied: the identification of the sanitation technologies of the three great areas (water supply, sewage collection, handling and destination of, and garbage collection and disposal), identifying their advantages and disadvantages, aiming at helping in the process of choice of the option that would better adjust to the specific demands of the community; the analysis of programs of environmental sanitation proposed for isolated communities, identifying their success or failure; and, finally, the study of the characteristics of the communities. After the elaboration of the Aptsa Program, it was sought to apply it in a traditional community in Guarujá/SP, in the Beach of Goés, which had already been the object of a study of options for the development of a structure for environmental sanitation. As a result, it was noted the need for a compromise between those involved in the search for solutions of the problems experienced by communities, with the deployment of solutions to existing problems. This conclusion can be achieved if we consider the resistance presented by the community, through its leaders, in supporting the proposed program.
ASSUNTO(S)
ownership of technologies saneamento ambiental (aspectos sócio-econômicos) modelo de gestão models of environmental management isolated communities comunidades isoladas environmental sanitation
