Estuário do rio Acaraú: Impactos ambientais e implicações na qualidade dos recursos hídricos. / Acaraú River Estuary: Environmental impacts and implications for the quality of water resources.

Aurilea Bessa Alves

Estuaries are environments of transition between the continents and the oceans. They shelter great diversity of aquatic fauna and significant mangrove ecosystem. However they are especially frail environments, being more vulnerable than other environments In this sense, the place of this research is the region that encloses Acarau river estuary and its outskirts, in the Northern portion of the state of the Ceara, Brazil. The main objective of this work is to identify the current conditions of use and occupation of the ground and to evaluate its effects to the water of the Acarau rivers estuary. For that, the adopted methodology included the detailed recognition of the subject place, a survey of the environmental attributes, the enrollment of environmental damage, the identification of the typology of use of the environment and finally the analysis of the quality of the water. As a result, it was noticed that the region presents countless environmental problems which are normally related to the forms of use and occupation of the ground, of which deforestation, the silting-up of river bed and the compromising of the quality of the water are the most outstanding. On this question, it was noticed that, in comparison with the dry season, the rainy period showed worse water quality, with high concentration of phosphorus and of coli forms. These results point to a defective covering of basic sanitation as well as the presence of diffuse fountains of pollution, like agriculture based in the use of fertilizers and pesticides, and effluents of shrimp farms rich in nutrients. The study showed that the area that has the most serious environmental damage is the region of the high estuary, where the municipal public slaughterhouses are located and also where unsuitable exploration of mineral resources is found. Furthermore, maps of ground use and of environmental damage were generated as a result of this study. With the fulfillment of the proposed objectives, it is expected that this study may help future actions on the management of these environments besides contributing to the other studies carried out on the basin of the Acarau.

Estuário do rio Acaraú: Impactos ambientais e implicações na qualidade dos recursos hídricos. / Acaraú River Estuary: Environmental impacts and implications for the quality of water resources.

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