Prevalência, perfil toxigênico e agressividade de espécies de Fusarium associadas aos grãos de milho do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / Prevalence, toxigenic profile and aggressiveness of fusarium species associated with corn kernels from Rio Grande Do Sul state

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2011

RESUMO

The increasing concern to mycotoxins in maize kernels is related to a frequent occurrence of epidemics of ear rot of corn caused by Fusarium spp in Brazil. This study aimed to: 1) assess the incidence of Fusarium spp. and determine fumonisin levels in maize samples (harvest seasons 2009 and 2010) from several municipalities of the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil; 2) identify Fusarium species associated with the maize kernels; 3) determine the toxigenic potential of isolates using molecular markers; and 4) evaluate the physiological and pathogenic characteristics in a group 12 selected isolates. Twenty-nine commercial grain samples were evaluated for the incidence of Gibberella fujikuroi and G. zeae species complex, and fumonisin (FB1 and FB2) levels by using HPLC. We observed a dominance of G. fujikuroi (96%) over G. zeae (18%) species. Chemical analysis showed the presence of FB1 in 27/29 samples (mean = 1,38 ¿g.g-1) and FB2 in 13/29 samples (mean 0,42 ¿g.g-1). A sample of 304 single-spore isolates was obtained and separated into four populations (regional 2009, regional 2010, Cruz Alta and Veranópolis), which were identified based on morphology and PCR using specific primers for three species of the G. fujikuroi complex (F. verticillioides, F. subglutinans and F. proliferatum) and G. zeae (F. graminearum sensu lato). PCR was also used to detect FUM+ gene, predictive of fumonisina synthesis and Tri3 and Tri12 genes, predictive of three trichothecene genotypes: 3-ADON, 15-ADON and NIV. F. verticillioides was found in higher prevalence (86,8%), followed by F. graminearum (6.9%), F. subglutinans (1.3%) and F. proliferatum (0,7%). FUM+ gene was not detected in 30/264 F. verticillioides isolates. For the 12 F. graminearum isolates, NIV was the dominant genotype (8/12), followed by 15-ADON (3/12) and 3-ADON (1/12). All isolates selected for assessment of physiological and pathogenic characteristics showed differences in mycelial growth rate (MGR) and sensitivity to tebuconazole. All F. verticillioides isolates had the lowest MGR and a much higher sensitivity to the fungicide, followed by 15-ADON and NIV isolates. All isolates successfully infected and colonized the seeds, with negative effects on seed viability and seedling emergence. Both species colonized the stems of 20-days old plants using a toothpick inoculation method, and one F. graminearum NIV strain was the most aggressive. Multivariate analysis identified three distinct groups of isolates.

ASSUNTO(S)

milho doença de planta fusarium

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