Origem, institucionalização e desenvolvimento das atividades espaciais brasileiras (1940-1980)

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2005

RESUMO

This research project aimed at developing a critical review of space activity history in Brazil from 1940 t0 1980, focusing on the technological program created in the late 70´s. Its mission was to develop a satellite launcher vehicle, satellites, and a launching base. From a political science approach, an attempt was made to present the military institution as the main agent which originated and developed space activities. Two concepts were apllied: one of ?military autonomy?, by Eliézer Rizzo de Oliveira, and the other of ?bureaucratic insulation?, by Edson Nunes. The study established a relationship with the civil segment of space activities, as well as an articulation with both national and international political field, considering the implications of the dual use of space technology, with international security. Although the historical review does not include the transition period to the democratic regime, this dissertation tried to go further, reaching Fernando Henrique Cardoso government. The objective of this extrapolation was to come up with a counter-point, aiming at emphasizing some aspects related to a military perspective within the space technological program, and at the same time suggest some orientation features provided by Fernando Henrique Cardoso government to the activities of this sector. Base on official documents and interviews with authorities who had an active role in the history of this area, the dissertation discusses the origin, as well as the institutionalization process of space activities. This historical review highlights the process that led the Brazilian Armed Forces (EMFA) to take over political command of space activities in the early 70´s, and the negotiation period between Brazil and France in the 70´s, to create a joint technological program, which was not approved, to the Air Force military disappointment. The alternative was the Complete Brazilian Space Mission (MECB), a predominantly national program, supported by the nationalist military. Moreover, the historical review attempted to identify space activity problems, which greatly delayed the achievement of goals. This study puts forward a hypothesis that besides economical conditioning, the development of space activities, would also count on the political conditioning, on problems related to the technological program concept and on the handling of the political activities under military coordination, carrying foreign policy implications

ASSUNTO(S)

ciencia e estado - politica governamental tecnologia e estado - brasil ciencia e estado - brasil

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