Obtenção de compostos bioativos de Curcuma longa L. e Lippia alba M. por tecnologia supercritica : rendimento global, cinetica de extração, composição quimica e aproveitamento do residuo amilaceo . / Obtaining bioactive compounds from Curcuma longa L. and Lippia alba M. by supercritical technology : global yilds, extraction kinetic, chemical composition, and usage of the starch residue.

Mara Elga Medeiros Braga

Bioactive compounds have been target of studies due to benefits proved as primary source to prevent diseases, through the intake of functional foods. Some species used as compounds bioactive source are presents in dairy foods, which are inside the category of spices, aromatic plants and natural colors. Among many species known, there are turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and "falsa melissa" (Lippia alba M.), that have pharmacological activities as anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anticolinasterase activities used on cancer and Alzheimer treatments, respectively. The objective of this work was identify the process parameters of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for maximization of the extracts yield of Curcuma longa L. and Lippia alba M., and to compare to other conventional methodologies of extraction as hydrodistillation (HD), Soxhlet (SoE) and low pressure solvent extraction (LPSE) with organic solvents. As a methodology to evaluate the process, some process parameters were used as extraction rate, process time, global extraction yield and phytochemical profile of extracts, some functional properties as antiproliferative and antimycobacterial activities. The essays were conducted in the SFE Unity with fix bed extractor (2.74×10?2 m of diameter and 0.375 m of length). The turmeric essays were made at 30 ºC and 300 bar; the mixture of ethanol and isopropyl alcohol was used (1:1) as cosolvent. The effects of the bed geometry were studied, in other words, the ratio of bed height / bed diameter (HB/DB); the accelerated solvent extraction and fractioned extraction as well as the effects of the static period were also studied. The extracts were analyzed using GC-FID, TLC and Spectrophotometer ? UV. The essay done with HB/DB =1.8 showed the largest yield in curcuminoids; using 50% of cosolvent and static period was also possible to obtain higher contents of curcuminoids. The maximum extract yield obtained for SFE from the "falsa melissa" was approximately 7% (mass), the LPSE and Soxhlet extraction had very high yields (17 and 20%, respectively), but many undesirable compounds were extracted. To obtain the target compounds of "falsa Melissa", the best conditions for SFE were 80 bar/45 ºC to obtain large amounts of carvona (80%, mass) and 120 bar/45 ºC to obtain large amounts of limonene (17%, mass); the highest yield in carvone was obtained by the SFE process while the largest yield in limonene was obtained in the hydrodistillation process. The residual starch from SFE process used to obtain turmeric and ginger oleoresins, which can be used as special starches, were observed with their chemical and physical characteristics and compared to industrial starches. The volatile fraction of turmeric extracts showed antiproliferative activity selective for cancers cells of breast and ovary, lung, prostate and colon. The antimycobacterial activity was identified among all turmeric extracts, independently of curcuminoids concentration.

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