O sistema de plantio direto : caminhos e descaminhos no município de Cândido Mota, São Paulo

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

Since its implementation, the no tillage system has represented a great evolution for tropical agriculture, mainly in soil conservation, making it possible the incorporation of extensive areas in the production of grains and cereals. The increasing development of scientific knowledge and interest concerning no tillage system practices considering its environmental, economical and social dimensions has come to offer alternatives for the composition of production strategies suitable for both local and specific situations. The results point to advantages for the management of biological, chemical and physical fertility of the soil, for environmental conservation, for productive efficiency and other gains, when considering the enrichment of the water tables, the protection of well-springs and fountainheads, and the contribution in carbon sequestration processes. Improvements in the use of chemical inputs as well as in food safety and less public expenditure in road conservation and drinking water treatment may also de pointed out as positive results of no tillage system. The production of grains is one of the most important agricultural activity in the region of Assis, in the Médio Paranapanema basin, a pioneer region in the introduction of the no tillage system in São Paulo State. The objective of this work is both to evaluate the evolution in extension of the cultivated area as well as the actual practices of no tillage system in the region, especially in Cândido Mota municipality, from 1998 to 2005 and to investigate the existing relationship between these practices and the literacy conditions and technical information access of the local rural producers. As a first stage, information obtained, in 1998, about the practices of no tillage system in rural properties, in the region of Assis, was systematized. In a second moment, a survey was carried out from stratified samples of rural properties in Cândido Mota municipality, the main agricultural reference for the region of Assis. By means of semi-structured interviews, information about the practices of the no tillage system and about the access to technical information and the use of the communication media was obtained. It was brought to evidence that low level in the use of the written language may limits the capacity of understanding of technical information, makes oral communication difficult and constrains social participation and insertion. This functional illiteracy situation allied to the lack of non commercial technical assistance leaves the rural producer under the direct actions of the commercial agents and their socio-technical networks. These conditions make it difficult the spreading and incorporation of new knowledge concerning the no tillage system and constrain its improvement and the maximum yield of its potential benefits. Despite of this, the no tillage system has point the way for a regional agriculture with an optimization in the use of mechanization techniques and an increase of the cultivated areas by family settlements, with direct benefits for preservation of the top soil as well as of the water streams. However, the regional circumstances have led the no tillage system to the side tracks of an agricultural practice based on the intensive use of highly expensive technologies with great environmental losses, which favors income and land concentration and reduces the rural worker employment possibilities.

ASSUNTO(S)

mechanization in agriculture. plantio direto redes de relações sociais tillage system agricultura - assistência técnica analfabetismo funcional

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