O impacto das migrações na constituição genética de populações latino-americanas

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

The Latin American population has been under great transformations and today it can be characterized as having a multiethnic constitution, however with three main parental populations influence - European, African and Amerindian. Despite their similarities, each country has a unique history of settlement, since there have been variations in the distribution of the parental populations and in the amount of gene flow between them. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic constitution in Latin American and Caribbean populations and the genetic structure between them. For that matter, four groups of populations and two sets of markers were employed. First, thirteen countries of Latin America and Caribbean (Argentina, Bahamas, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Ecuador, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico and Venezuela), were analyzed with STR markers (CSF1PO, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11, FGA, TH01, TPOX and vWA). In a second moment, the differences between the geographic regions of three South-American countries were evaluated (Argentina, Brazil and Colombia) using the same markers. Next, for a more regional analysis, urban populations from Brazilian Middle-Western region were studied using the same markers listed above and Penta E. The settlement of the Brazilian Middle-Western region was also evaluated regarding the comparison of two populations of this region - Goiás and Federal District - using autosomic AIMs - APO, AT3, D1, DRD2-A, ECA, FXIIIB, FyNull, GC, LPL, OCA2, PV92, Rb2300, SB19.3 and TPA25. The analyses of the genetic distance between the Latin American populations and between the regions of the three countries had shown a heterogeneous picture of the distribution of the allelic frequencies. The admixture analysis corroborated the genetic distance data, with the Amerindian parental contribution presenting variations ranging from 5 to 73%, the African from 4 to 90% and the European from 4 to 66%. Regarding the analysis of the populations of the Brazilian Middle-Western region, differentiation between the genetic and genotypic distribution was not observed, probably due the intense gene flow between them. The genetic admixture estimate, considering the STRs markers, was 11% for the Amerindian parental, 21% for the African parental and 68% for the European parental. The results generated with the AIMs were 15%, 21% and 63%, respectively. The majority of the analyzed populations are tri-hybrid, having been formed by three parental groups. These results agree with historical and demographic data of the Latin American populations.

ASSUNTO(S)

centro-oeste brasiliero strs e aims américa latina migrações humanas ancestralidade genética ciencias biologicas

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