História Evolutiva do HIV-1 no Brasil

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2010

RESUMO

Characterizing the different HIV-1 subtypes prevalent in a geographic region as well as understanding the origin and dissemination of these subtypes are essential to define prevention and intervention strategies targeting local HIV/AIDS epidemics. The present study analyzed 895 pol sequences, available at GenBank, aiming to describe the main HIV-1 subtypes prevalent in Brazil, the resistance profile of naïve lineages, the prevalence of signatures and epitopes in protease and reverse transcriptase (RT), and reconstruct the origin and the main dissemination patterns of HIV-1 subtypes B and C in Brazil. The subtype B (65.6%) was the most prevalent followed by subtypes C (14.1%) and F (6.1%). The recombinant forms represented 14.1% of the analyzed sequences. At protease, eight major mutations which reduce the susceptibility to protease inhibitors (PIs) were found: L24I, D30N, M46I/L, I54L/V, V82L and I84V. At RT, 16 mutations associated to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) resistance, A62V, D67N/G, T69E/N/S/d, K70R, V75I/L/M, F77L, V118I, Q151M and M184V, and 18 mutations that confer resistance to the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), V90I, A98G, L100I, K101E/N/Q, K103N/R, V106I/L, V108I, E138A/G/K, V179D/T, Y181C and G190A, were identified. The transmission of lineages resistant to PIs, NRTIs and NNRTIs were 1.2%, 1.8% and 2.1%, respectively. Regarding pol genetic variability, we identified two possible signatures, N37K e R41N, at HIV-1 subtype C protease, two T CD4+ epitopes and 18 T CD8+ epitopes, of which five were at protease and 13 at RT. Concerning these last ones, KLVDFRELNK, GIPHPAGLK, TVLDVGDAY, NETPGIRYQY, IRYQYNVL and VIYQYMDDL are highly recommended to the production of vaccine prototypes to be applied in Brazil. The HIV- 1 subtype B introduction in Brazil occurred in the beginning of 1970s, through Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul, from where the lineages exponentially spread to Northeastern and Central Brazil. The subtype C, in turn, entered in Paraná, during mid- 1970s, and, briefly after its introduction, started to spread exponentially in the South region. The application of high-resolution phylogenetics, coalescent analysis and phylogeography, allowed an in-depth characterization of the HIV-1 epidemic in Brazil, the reevaluation of hypothesis and the formulation of new insights about the origin and dissemination of subtypes B and C in the country.

ASSUNTO(S)

evolution biologia molecular hv-1 evolução subtipos subtypes hv-1

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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