Heating systems of poultry facilities and their effects in the environmental thermal comfort, air quality and animal performance, in winter conditions, in the south area of the Brazil / Sistemas de aquecimento de aviários e seus efeitos no conforto térmico ambiental, qualidade do ar e performance animal, em condições de inverno, na região sul do Brasil

Ricardo Brauer Vigoderis

The broilers, in Its initial phase, are quite sensitive to the low temperatures, which can commit its development negatively, taking to enormous financial damages, especially in conditions of rigorous winters. With that, the great challenge initial in level of Brazil, in the poultry production, consists of the diagnosis of the situation of the Brazilian facilities, especially in the areas of more intense winters, as for the renewal and quality of the air, thermal environment and performance of the birds under different heating systems. Additionally, the Brazilian poultry Facilities type, designed and built without satisfactory thermal isolation, it takes to high energy expense in the promotion of the heating of the environment and, most of the time, It doesn t reach the full thermal comfort the birds. The economical thermal solution for that subject it still was not found for the conditions of the climate and Brazilian poultry activities, what justifies the constant concern in intensifying the investigations in this theme. With this, the general aim of this research was to evaluate the heating systems efficiency more common used in poultry facilities in the south area of the country, with base in the environment thermal comfort, air quality and psycrometric conditions of the air, as well as the influence of those factors in the animals performance. Additionally it was looked for to propose technical adaptations and of handling, seeking the optimization of the productive and economical indicatives. To present research was developed in three commercial farms integrated of the Perdigão Company, each one had three similar hangars, equipped with three different heating system each one, which were used for the production of 18.500 females Cobb, with medium weight up to 1,450 kg, for hangar, during two complete productive cycles, in the Videira City, Santa Catarina State, during the winter of 2004. Three heating systems were evaluated: infrared light bulbs (C), furnace with indirect air heating (FI) and a radiant experimental system with supplemental heating of infrared light bulbs (T). The nine similar facilities used in the experiment possessed 100 m of length and 12 m of width, with lining placed 3 m of height starting from the floor, and the facilities longitudinal axes were guided at the east-west direction. The roof was composed with clay tiles, with 30% inclination and 0,50m edge. The lateral closings were composed of walls of 0,30 m of height and curtains of yellow color. Were taken continually, in three medium points of each installation, at the level of the birds (from 10 to 30 cm, accompanying the growth of the animals), the following environmental variables: temperature of dry bulb and relative humidity. The measurements were accomplished with the use of dataloggers of continuous reading in intervals of 15 minutes, during the whole experimental period, that it was of two complete productive cycles for females. Were obtained two daily measurements of instantaneous concentrations of ammonia, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, in ppm, at the level of the birds. The measurements were accomplished in morning and evening schedules, in the three farms, during the whole experimental period. Were used to evaluate the animals performance the more common indexes: Weight Gain (GP), Feed consumption (CR), Feed conversion (CA), water consumption and the factor production. To evaluate the bed quality were analyzed the humidity and the pH of the bed, and also the fuels consumptions for the heating systems. The data were analyzed through variance analysis and of regression. For the qualitative factor (treatments), the averages were compared being used the Tukey test being used the level of 5% of probability. In the conditions of accomplishment of this experiment and for the obtained results, it can be concluded that the three heating systems of the air studied behaved in different way in relation to amount of produced energy and consequent heating efficiency for the inside the facilities. The best results was found for the conjugated system radiant experimental system + infrared light bulbs, following for the systems furnace and infrared light bulbs, in this order. None of the appraised heating systems was capable to keep the birds in thermal comfort conditions during the whole period of the day. None of the three heating systems elevated the values of medium concentrations of CO, NH3, CO2 presents in the air at levels that offered danger for the birds, however, in some days considered critical, the instantaneous concentrations of CO and NH3 reached values above recommended for the short times exposure. The furnace system present the lowest cost follows by radiant experimental system + infrared light bulbs and the infrared light bulbs system, in this order. The average results of animal performance by the birds shown in all studied ystems, although varied amongst themselves, indicate well-being conditions.

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