Genes de metabolização do álcool e o risco de câncer de cabeça e pescoço / Alcohol metabolizing genes and the risk of head and neck cancer

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

Garcia, S.M.N. Alcohol metabolizing genes and the risk of head and neck cancer. 2009. Dissertação (Mestrado)- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo. The incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) has increased substantially in the last years, including in Brazil. This increase is associated to alcohol and tobacco consumption, but genetic susceptibility also should be considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of the polymorphism in genes of alcohol metabolizing enzymes in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) of the Heliópolis Hospital in São Paulo, compared with a group from the same hospital, without the diagnosis of cancer. The genetic polymorphisms of the alcohol desydrogenase enzyme (ADH1C Ile350Val, ADH1B Arg48His, ADH1B Arg370Cys) and of the P450 citochrome enzyme (CYP2E1 PstI) was investigated by PCR-RFLP, in 451 individuals, being 207 histopathologically confirmed HNC patients (184 male and 23 female, mean age 54,3 ± 7,8 years) and 244 controls (225 male and 19 female, mean age 53,6 ± 9,3 years) selected in the same hospital. The smoking habit was revealed by 80% of the patients with HNC and 50% of the controls, the difference between the groups increased the HNC risk more than ten times (OR=11.1; 95% IC; 4.89-25.19). Just 7% of the patients reported never alcohol use against 22.5% of the controls, increasing more than four times the risk of HNC (OR=4.39 95% IC; 2.35-8.22). The daily consumption of alcohol above 30.655g/L/day (72.5% of the patients with HNC and 35.2% of the controls) was associated with increased risk of the HNC. The analysis of the genetic polymorphisms revealed that the mutate genotype ADH1B Arg48His was more frequent in the controls (12.7%) than in the patients with HNC (5.8%) conferring protection to the disease (OR=0.42; 95% IC; 0.21-0.85). Similar results were observed for individuals with ADH1B*2 (OR=0.41; 95% CI; 0.20-0.82) or ADH1B*2/ADH1C*1 (OR=0.32; 95% CI; 0.13-0.79) haplotypes. Multiple regression analyses showed that the mutant genotype ADH1B Arg48His was associated to HNC protection for those that consumed alcohol lower than 30 g/l/day (OR=0.12; 95% IC; 0.03- 0.52).However, when the daily alcohol consumption exceeded 30.655g/L/day the HNC risk was higher in the presence (OR=4.42; 95% IC; 1.21-16.11) or not of the genotype ADH1B Arg48His with the mutate allele (OR= 3.01; 95% CI, 1.90-4.78).The fast alcohol metabolizing genotypes seams to prevent HNC when the amount of alcohol intake is lower than 30.655 g/L/day.

ASSUNTO(S)

alcohol dehydrogenase acetaldehyde dehydrogenase alcoolismo citocromo p-450cyp2e1 Álcool desidrogenase risk factors head and neck neoplasms neoplasias de cabeça e pescoço alcoholism citochrome p- 450 cyp2e1 aldeído desidrogenase polimorfismo genético fatores de risco aetaldehyde

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