Frequencia de Strongyloides stercoralis no Chile : detecção da parasitose mediante metodos parasitologicos e soroepidemiologicos

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2004

RESUMO

From 2000 to 2003, human serum samples of 2390 individuals and 600 dog fecal samples recovered in 13 squares and public parks in Chile were studied to determine the seroepidemiology of the Strongyloides stercoralis infection and the role of dogs on the transmission of this parasitose. Human serum samples were as follows: a) 10 S. stercoralis infected patients with parasitologically confirmed infection; b) 66 patients with other helmintiasis (24 toxocariasis, 15 trichinellosis, 11 hydatidosis, 12 fascioliasis, 4 cysticercosis); c) 13 patients with other immunological disorders; 49 apparently healthy individuals with normal eosinophil count; e) 206 school children; f) 674 patients hospitalized in two psychiatric institutions, g) 172 health personnel working in two psychiatric institutions and h) 1200 blood donors. For the first time in Chile it was standardized an ELISA test by using an antigen of S. venezuelensis filariform larvae. By means of ELISA antibodies against S. stercoralis were detected in: a) 90%, e) 0.5%, f) 12.2% and h) 0.25%. In groups b, c, d and g no specific antibodies were present. In blood donors from five cities (Northern region: Arica and Antofagasta, Central region: Valparaiso and Santiago, and Southern region: La Union) only in Arica and La Union antibodies against S. stercoralis were detected. This result suggests that strongyloidiasis in Chile could be localized in determinate areas of the country. The frequency of antibodies detected in interned patients in two psychiatric institutions was 48.8 greater than the frequency observed in blood donors, suggesting the transmission of S. stercoralis was facilitated in these institutions. ELISA for strongyloidiasis was negative in all the health personnel studied. S. stercoralis larvae were not detected in 600 fecal samples of dogs collected in public parks and squares of 13 cities of Chile. Dogs probably do not participate in the transmission of strongyloidiasis in Chile. The seroepidemiology of the S. stercoralis infections in Chile showed this parasitose is endemic, with low transmission rates and localized in determinate geographical areas, affecting with a high frequency some risk groups such as the psychiatric interned patients.

ASSUNTO(S)

strongylidae epidemiologia imunodiagnostico

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