Fatty acids profile of diet and breast adipose tissue and the risk of development of breast cancer: a case-control study / Perfil de ácidos graxos da dieta e do tecido adiposo mamário e o risco de desenvolvimento do câncer de mama: um estudo caso-controle

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

There are evidences that factors related to the diet contribute about 1/3 of cancer cases in developed countries, and will be approximately 1/5 of cancer causes in developing countries. Currently, the dietary fat has been studied as a key nutrient in association with breast cancer (BC) development. This study aimed to investigate the association between the consumption of fat and fatty acids (FA) (assessed by lipid profile of breast adipose tissue and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the risk of breast cancer. A case-control study hospital based was conducted with women diagnosed with BC, benign breast disease (BBD) and control women (CO) assisted at a public hospital in Belo Horizonte city - MG, Brazil. Adipose tissue samples were obtained from women who have undergone breast surgery. Individual FAs were evaluated as percentage of total FA by gas chromatography. To assess food intake a FFQ previously validated was used. The nutrients evaluated included: total fat and fatty acids (12:0, 14:0, 16:0, 16:1, 18:2 n6, 18:3 n3, 20:4 n6, 20:5 n3, 22 : 6 n3), total saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids total (MFA) and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), in addition to calories. All statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 15.0 statistical package. Parametric or non-parametric tests were applied in accordance with normal distribution of variables. For the values of fat and FA obtained by the analysis of the adipose tissue, it was performed the multivariate regression analysis to estimate the odds ratio, adjusted by age, body mass index and use of oral contraceptive. Dietary fat and FA intake were adjusted for energy consumption, categorized according to tercile of dietary intake of the population and the odds ratio was calculated. The PUFA content of breast adipose tissue was positively associated with BC, OR = 2.78 (IC 95%= 1,204-6,141). Alpha-linolenic acid intake was lower among women in the case group, which meant a four times higher risk of BC in post-menopause women in the lower tercile of alphalinolenic intake, for the (OR = 4313, p = 0021). Although the studies on the association between dietary fat and BC are not conclusive, our results indicate a higher risk of BC among women who consume more PUFA and less total alpha-linolenic acid. However, dietary fat and fatty acids alone were not able to explain the occurrence of the BC in this population. It is prudent to avoid the excessive consumption of dietary fat and increase the consumption of food sources of n3-PUFA.

ASSUNTO(S)

lipídios breast cancer tecido adiposo lipid nutricao prevenção human nutrition nutrição humana Ácidos graxos adipose tissue câncer de mama prevention fatty acids

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

Documentos Relacionados