Extração e caracterização de óleos de resíduos de peixes de água doce / Extraction and characterization of freshwater fish waste oils

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

17/04/2012

RESUMO

This study aimed to: (1) evaluate the performance and physicochemical characteristics of viscera oils from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and curimbatá (Prochilodus spp.) extracted by slow freezing, as a mechanism to release the lipids of the crude material, and (2) compare the stages of chemical refining (degumming, neutralization, washing, drying and bleaching) of two rainbow trout oils, extracted by slow freezing and by a thermo-mechanic process. The raw materials were collected in different places of the States of São Paulo and Parana. Viscera oil yields were determined, content of free fatty acids, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, density, refractive index, viscosity and fatty acid profile of the crude oils (rainbow trout, pacu and curimbatá) and of the rainbow trout oils underwent the refinement process. The oil yields of viscera rainbow trout, pacu and curimbatá, were 27.58%, 42.53 and 13.75% respectively. The physico-chemical parameters evaluated in all the oils (crude oils from the viscera of the three species of fish and rainbow trout oils subjected to refinement) were within the referenced levels for the crude and refined fish oils. The fatty acid profile varied between the crude oils from the three species. Curimbatá viscera oil, showed higher levels of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid, and lower n-6/n-3 ratio therefore of higher nutritional quality, probably for having been caught in the wild. However, due to the high availability of rainbow trout, it is more viable the production of nutritional supplements of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with by-products from this species, since their oil lipid profile is suitable. The levels of n-3 fatty acids of rainbow trout oils were lower than those reported in the literaturepossibly influenced by the diet. The type of extraction produced differences in the fatty acid profile both in crude oils and bleached oils. It stands out higher content of fatty acids with trans configuration in the rainbow trout oil (crude and bleached), obtained by autoclaving probably due to the use of high temperatures during extraction. The freeze-extraction technique was efficient in terms of yield and quality of oils extracted from the viscera of fishes evaluated and could also be effective in other species and raw materials.

ASSUNTO(S)

Óleo de peixe freezing freshwater fish peixe de água doce refinamento refinement congelamento extração extraction fish oil

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