Evaluation of risk factors and prognosis criteria in severe maternal morbidity in obstetric ICU / Avaliação dos fatores de risco e criterios de prognostico na morbidade materna grave em UTI obstetrica

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

Introduction: In the last decade the identification of cases of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) has emerged as a promising complement or an alternative to the investigation of maternal deaths. The organic dysfunction is part of the continuum of SMM. Women admitted to intensive care units (ICU) during pregnancy or postpartum may be a good source of information and can reflect with greater accuracy the quality of care to the health of pregnant woman. To characterize and identify the factors influencing the clinical course and outcome of hospitalization is a useful strategy for facing the obstetric emergency and reducing maternal mortality. Objective: To characterize the epidemiological profile and to identify the factors influencing the clinical course (death or survival); to assess the discrimination power of the SOFA score in predicting the outcome; and to validate the WHO´s criteria for maternal near miss among the cases of SMM admitted in an obstetric ICU. Method: The validation of a score of severity and prognosis was carried out in women diagnosed with SMM admitted to an obstetric ICU. All 673 admissions that occurred between August 1, 2002 and September 30, 2007 were identified from the ICU admission records system. Following identification of the cases, the respective medical charts were reviewed and the data of interest were collected. A bivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the factors that might be associated with the outcome of ICU admission (death or survival), using the chi-square with Yates correction or Fisher s exact tests. Odds ratios (OR) and their respective 95%CI, defined as the exact range, were calculated. The SOFA score was used for the definition of dysfunction / organ failure along in ICU. To describe the average maximum total SOFA score and standard deviation (mean ± SD) was applied the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test for independent samples. Built up the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) for the maximum total SOFA score and near miss criteria from WHO, presenting the values of sensitivity and specificity. Finally, the distribution of all obstetric cases with potentially life threatening conditions according to the WHO´s criteria for near miss (laboratory and management) and to the clinical outcome (death or survival) were evaluated. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated for the combination of near miss criteria for the prediction of maternal death and then for the prediction of organic failure using the maximum SOFA score as gold standard. Results: Obstetric complications led to 65.8% of admissions and 50% of maternal deaths. The mortality/morbidity ratio for infections and bleeding was 1 / 6 and 1 / 30, respectively. The risk of maternal death was higher among teenage pregnancy, and patients referred from other hospitals. The failure and the number of organs in failure showed to be significantly correlated with maternal mortality. The analysis of the area under the ROC curve (Receiver Operating Characteristics) showed the excellent performance of the total maximum SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score not only for prognosis prediction but also for identifying cases of SMM. The near miss criteria proposed by WHO showed a good sensitivity and specificity for identifying the most severe cases with organ failure. Conclusions: the present findings point to a need for political and social actions and for measures to be implemented in the area of reproductive health, particularly with respect to teenage pregnancy; to increase knowledge on the actual need for obstetric ICU beds and to improve the inter-hospital transfer system. The SOFA score showed to be an useful tool for evaluating the severity and prognosis of SMM. The WHO near miss criteria could allow a standardization for obtaining comparable results in different contexts, besides the construction of an integrated data network that would make possible the implementation of new strategies for reducing maternal mortality

ASSUNTO(S)

mortalidade materna obstetrics falencia de multiplos orgãos risk factors obstetricia multiple organ failure fatores de risco morbidity unidades de terapia intensiva intensive care unit morbidade maternal mortality

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