Estudo de tochas de plasma atraves da teoria da similaridade

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2003

RESUMO

In this thesis, generalized equations for the voltage-current characteristics have been obtained for a non transferred arc plasma torch and for a transferred arc plasma torch, using the method of the Theory of the Similarity. For the non transferred arc plasma torch, the experimental data was obtained for air as the plasmagenic gas and for currents of 10 to 295 A. For the transferred arc torch, the experiments were carried out for argon and currents of 300 to 1500 A. The non transferred plasma torch showed a descending voltage-current static characteristic, while the transferred plasma torch, the characteristic was dynamic, with strong anomalous behavior, consisting of the presence of hysteresis, besides possessing both the branches, the descendant and the ascendant. The tests of the transferred torch were carried out in an oven with refractory walls in argon atmosphere. Generalized equations had been obtained having one, two and three independent nondimensional parameters, being the choice of the best generalized equation based in the coefficient of correlation of the multilinear regression. The dimensionless parameter of the voltage was considered as the dependent parameter. In general, for the independent nondimensional parameters have been used those related with the diverse modalities of transference of the Joule energy of the arc to other modalities of energy. These had been the convective one, the radiative, the turbulent and the conductive one. The generalized equations obtained for the non transferred torch showed good agreement for all the range of experimental data. However, the equations for the transferred arc torch, due to their great observed anomaly, had been limited only to the ascending part of the experimental data. The experimental study, carried out in this thesis, might contribute to a better understanding of the phenomena taking place in plasma torches, as well, to provide a guide for their engineering

ASSUNTO(S)

similaridade (fisica) jato de plasma plasma (gases ionizados)

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