Estratégias para prospecção e predição de peptídeos bioativos

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

Chapters one and two deal with the isolation and identification of bioactive peptides from the skin secretion of Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis. The first chapter demonstrates the use of protemic techniques, mainly mass spectrometry, for the study of bradykinin related peptides (BRPs) present in the amphibians secretion and freshly dissected skin fragments. Eighteen BRPs, along with their post-translational modifications, were characterized in the secretion by de novo MS/MS sequencing and direct MALDI imaging experiments on the frog skin. These molecules revealed strong sequence similarities to the main plasma kinins of mammals and reptiles. Such a diversity of molecules, within the same peptide family, belonging to a single amphibian species may be related to functional specializations of these peptides and a variety of corresponding receptors that might be present in a number of different predators. Also, a novel analog, [Val]1,[Thr]6-bradykinyl-Gln,Ser had its biological activity positively detected in cell culture expressing the human bradykinin B2 receptor and in guinea pig ileum preparations. Chapter two describes the same methodological approach to the study of antimicrobial peptides from the dermaseptin family. The primary structures of these molecules, named DShypo 01, 02, 03, 04, 06, and 07, were determined by de novo MS/MS experiments, Edman degradation, and cDNA sequencing. The fifth peptide was found to be precisely the same DS 01 from Phyllomedusa oreades, previously described by our group. The majority of the peptides purified from the crude skin secretion could be directly localized and mapped onto a freshly dissected dorsal skin fragment using mass spectrometry-imaging techniques. Comparisons between peptides and commercial drugs on their antibacterial and anti-Leishmania amazonensis efficiencies, associated with peptide lytic effects on mammalian blood cells and surface plasmon resonance interaction studies on immobilized DMPC vesicles, were also performed. Chapters three and four describe the study of membrane-active peptides with model membranes, emphasizing their categorization and bioactivity prediction. Seventeen membrane-active peptides were synthesized and had their interaction with DMPC and DMPC/DMPG (2:1 mol/mol) large unilamelar vesicles studied by a series of biophysical techniques. These techniques allowed the dissection of the interaction of peptides with membranes in terms of their initial recognition, degree of insertion in the bilayer and induction of fluorescent dye leakage. This approach made clear the existence of at least five functional groups of membrane-active peptides, three of them composed of antimicrobial molecules, one of cell-penetrating peptides and one of peptides only capable of adsorption. Also, structural and functional relationships relevant to the interaction of peptides and membranes were re-evaluated according to this new perspective. Chapter four deals with the extraction of thermodynamical parameters from the adsorption of the same group of seventeen peptides into phospholipid vesicles. For such, interaction isotherms were obtained by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and analyzed by the surface partition method. This method is capable of estimating an intrinsic affinity constant (Kp), that excludes electrostatic effects, as well as an apparent affinity constant (Kapp). Membrane adsorption of only four out of seventeen peptides resulted in isotherms capable of adjustment to the surface partition model. These peptides had interactions mainly driven by electrostatic effects, as categorized in chapter three. The reasons for the incapacity to fit the isotherms were discussed and related to specific peptide mechanisms.

ASSUNTO(S)

espectrometria de massa bioquimica peptídeo antimicrobiano secreção anfíbio

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